Great Khans and Yuan dynasty Before
Kublai Khan announced the dynastic name "Great Yuan" in 1271,
Khagans (Great Khans) of the
Mongol Empire (
Ikh Mongol Uls) already started to use the Chinese title of
Emperor () practically in the
Chinese language since
Genghis Khan (as ). With the establishment of the
Yuan dynasty in 1271, the Kublaids became Yuan emperors, who took on a dual identity of Khagan for the Mongols and
Huangdi for
ethnic Han.
Golden Horde •
Batu Khan (1227–1255) •
Sartaq (1255–56) •
Ulaghchi (1257) •
Berke (1257–1266) •
Mengu-Timur (1266–1282) •
Tuda Mengu (1282–1287) •
Talabuga (1287–1291) •
Toqta (1291–1312) •
Uzbeg Khan (1312–1341) •
Tini Beg (1341–1342) •
Jani Beg (1342–1357) •
Berdi Beg (1357–1361) •
Qulpa (1359–1360) •
Nawruz Beg (1360–1361) •
Khidr (1361–1362) • Timur Khwaja (1362) • Abdallah (1362–1370), actual ruler was
Mamai • Murad (1362–1367), actual ruler was
Mamai • Aziz (1367–1369), actual ruler was
Mamai • Jani Beg II (1369–1370), actual ruler was
Mamai • Muhammad Bolak (1370–1379), actual ruler was
Mamai •
Tulun Beg Khanum (1370–1373), actual ruler was
Mamai • Aig Beg (1373–1376), actual ruler was
Mamai • Arab Shaykh (1376–1379), actual ruler was
Mamai • Kagan Beg (1375–1376), actual ruler was
Mamai • Ilbani (1373–1376), actual ruler was
Mamai • Hajji Cherkes (1375–1376), actual ruler was
Mamai •
Urus Khan (1376–1378), Urus was also Khan of the White Horde and uncle of Toqtamish, allowing the Hordes to unite. • Muhammad Bolaq (1375), actual ruler was
Mamai • Ghiyath-ud-din Khaqan Beg (1375–1377) •
Toqtaqiya (1377) • Arab Shah Muzaffar (1377–1380), actual ruler was
Mamai •
Timur-Malik (1377–1378) • Ghiyath-ud-din Khaqan Beg (1375–1377) •
Tokhtamysh (1380–1395) •
Temür Qutlugh (1396–1401), actual ruler was
Edigu •
Shadi Beg (1399–1407), actual ruler was
Edigu •
Pulad (1407–1410), actual ruler was
Edigu • Temür (1410–1412) •
Jalal ad-Din khan (1411–1412) • Feicüs al-Doste (1413–1414) • Karimberdi • Kebeg •
Jabbar Berdi (1417–1419) •
Olugh Mokhammad (1419–1421, 1428–1433) •
Dawlat Berdi (1419–1421, 1427–1432) •
Baraq (1422–1427) •
Seyid Akhmed (1433–1435) •
Küchük Muhammad (1435–1459) •
Mahmud (1459–1465) •
Ahmed (1465–1481) • Shayk Ahmad (1481–1498, 1499–1502) •
Murtada (1498–1499)
Left wing (White Horde) •
Orda (1226–1251) •
Qun Quran (1251–c.1280) •
Köchü (c.1280–1302) •
Buyan (Bayan) (1302–1309) •
Sasibuqa (1309–1315) •
Ilbasan (1315–1320) •
Mubarak Khwaja (1320–1344) •
Chimtay (1344–1374) •
Urus (1374–1376) •
Toqtaqiya (1376) •
Timur-Malik (1377) •
Tokhtamysh (1377–1378) • Koiruchik (1378–1399) •
Baraq (1423–1428) • Muhammed (1428–1431) • Mustafa (1431–1446)
Ögedei Khanate Kaydu Ulus •
Kaydu • Chapar •
Ali Sultan •
Danişmendji •
Soyurgatmish •
Sultan Mahmud Khan Yenisei Kingdom •
Melig • Ayachi • Abdullah • Tuman • Taywan • Timürci •
Arg Temur • Hutulugtumor
Right wing (Blue Horde) Actual rulers of the Golden Horde (Jochid Ulus, Kipchak Khanate) were members of the House of Batu until 1361.
Great Horde (1466–1502) Ilkhanate •
Hülëgü (1256–1265) •
Abaqa (1265–1282) •
Tekuder (1282–1284) •
Arghun (1284–1291) •
Gaykhatu (1291–1295) •
Baydu (1295) •
Ghazan (1295–1304) •
Öljaitü (1304–1316) •
Abu Sa'id (1316–1335) •
Arpa Ke'ün (1335–1336) After the murder of Arpa, the regional states established during the disintegration of the Ilkhanate raised their own candidates as claimants. •
Musa (1336–1337) (puppet of
'Ali Padshah of Baghdad) •
Muhammad (1336–1338) (
Jalayirid puppet) •
Sati Beg (1338–1339) (
Chobanid puppet) •
Sulayman (1339–1343) (Chobanid puppet, recognized by the
Sarbadars 1341–1343) •
Jahan Temür (1339–1340) (Jalayirid puppet) •
Anushirwan (1343–1356) (non-dynastic Chobanid puppet) • Ghazan II (1356–1357) (known only from coinage)
Claimants from eastern Persia (Khurasan): •
Togha Temür (c. 1338–1353) (recognized by the
Kartids 1338–1349; by the Jalayirids 1338–1339, 1340–1344; by the Sarbadars 1338–1341, 1344, 1353) • Luqman (1353–1388) (son of Togha Temür)
Chobanids (1335–1357) Jalayirid Sultanate (1335–1432) Injuids (1335–1357) Arghun dynasty (1479?–1599?) Chagatai Khanate •
Chagatai Khan 1226–1242 •
Qara Hülëgü 1242–1246 d. 1252 •
Yesü Möngke 1246–1252 • Qara Hülëgü (restored) 1252 •
Mubarak Shah 1252–1260 •
Orghana Khatun (fem.), regent 1252–1260 •
Alghu 1260–1266 • Mubarak Shah (restored) 1266 •
Baraq 1266–1270 •
Negübei 1270–c. 1272 •
Buqa Temür c. 1272–1287 •
Duwa 1287–1307 •
Könchek 1306–1308 •
Taliqu 1308–1309 •
Kebek 1309 d. 1325 •
Esen Buqa I 1309–c. 1318 • Kebek (restored) c. 1318–1325 •
Eljigidey 1325–1329 •
Duwa Temür 1329–1330 •
Aladdin Tarmashirin 1331–1334 •
Buzan 1334–1335 •
Changshi 1335–1338 •
Yesun Temur c. 1338–c. 1342 with... •
'Ali-Sultan 1342 •
Muhammad I ibn Pulad 1342–1343 •
Qazan Khan ibn Yasaur 1343–1346 •
Danishmendji 1346–1348 The Chagatai Khanate was split into two parts, the Western Chagatai Khanate and the Eastern Chagatai Khanate (Moghulistan).
Western Chagatai Khanate •
Bayan Qulï 1348–1358 •
Shah Temür 1358 •
Tughlugh Timur (in Mogulistan 1348–1363) 1358–1363 •
Ilyas Khodja (in Mogulistan 1363–1368) 1363 d. 1368 •
Adil-Sultan 1363 •
Khabul Shah 1364–1370
From 1370 on, the Western Chagatai Khans were puppets of Timur. •
Suurgatmish 1370–1388 •
Sultan Mahmud (Mohammed II) 1388–1403
Eastern Chagatai Khanate (Moghulistan) Moghulistan was split into the
Turpan Khanate and
Yarkent Khanate in the late 15th century. .
Turpan Khanate Yarkent Khanate Kara Del (1383–1513) ==Northern Yuan dynasty (1368–1635)==