He was born in
Kyoto. He spent his early life in
Taipei until he entered
Tokyo Imperial University in 1941. He was appointed to an assistant professor in 1949 at
Meiji University and taught there until 1992. He led various academies. In 1964 he participated in launching the annual "Nojiriko Khuriltai", a conference of Altaist scholars. He approached the history of the
Qing dynasty though
Manchu literature. As a member of a study group on Manchu, he published the
Manwen Laodang with romanized text, word-by-word translation, complete translation and notes from 1955 to 1963. He frequently visited
Taiwan to study the source archive of the
Manwen Laodang, namely the
Jiu Manzhou Dang. After Japan severed diplomatic relations with the ROC, he promoted the investigation of Manchu archives stored in Beijing. He also made efforts to identify historical materials that scattered around Europe and the U.S. ==References==