Kao was born in
Taipei and began practicing table tennis in kindergarten. After graduating from elementary school, he moved to
Kaohsiung to train at
Chuang Chih-yuan's table tennis academy. In 2022, he won the silver medal in the U19 singles event at the Asian Youth Table Tennis Championships. In 2023, he reached men's singles final at the
WTT Contender Lima, where he was defeated 1–4 by
Marcos Freitas, finishing as the runner-up. Kao was also selected for the national team in the same year to participate in the
2023 Asian Championships, helping the men's team win a silver medal in the team event. In 2024, Kao helped the Chinese Taipei men's team defeat Germany in the quarterfinals of the
World Table Tennis Championships, advancing to the semifinals and tying the team's best historical result. That same year, he qualified for the
Paris Olympics as the second-highest-ranked Taiwanese male player. He reached the round of 16 in the men's singles at the Paris Olympics, where he was defeated by
Truls Möregårdh. Alongside
Lin Yun-ju and Chuang Chih-yuan, his men's team also exited in the quarterfinals. After the Olympics, Kao joined
TTC RhönSprudel Fulda-Maberzell and began competing in the
Bundesliga. ==Personal life==