Chua started his career as a system analyst with
Accenture (Andersen Consulting) from 2000 to 2002. In 2017, Chua was frequently seen participating in congressional deliberations on the administration's comprehensive tax reform bill which aimed to decrease personal income taxes and introduce higher consumption taxes to support the government's
Build! Build! Build program. He was described as the "poster boy of tax reform" by several media outlets and was instrumental in the passage of the
Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion Act (TRAIN Act) in December 2017. He is also credited for the passage of legislations increasing the
sin tax on tobacco and alcohol products and introducing a
sugary drink tax and excise taxes on
electronic cigarettes and vapes to fund the
universal health care program signed into law in February 2019. On April 17, 2020, following President Duterte's acceptance of
National Economic and Development Authority secretary
Ernesto Pernia's resignation due to "personal reasons" and "differences in development philosophy" with some Cabinet members as the country battled the
COVID-19 pandemic, Chua was appointed as the agency's acting secretary. In May 2020, he reintroduced a modified corporate tax reform bill as one such measure under the post-COVID-19 Philippine Program for Recovery with Equity. Under the Corporate Recovery and Tax Incentives for Enterprises Act (CREATE) which replaced the earlier CITIRA, corporate income taxes will be reduced to 25 percent in the short term to spur economic activity in the aftermath of the pandemic. Chua also announced that the
Balik Probinsya program or relocation of businesses and workers to provinces outside
Metro Manila is included in the new tax incentives package, and that the government was considering levying
taxes on digital goods and introducing a new sin tax as new revenue sources. President Duterte appointed Chua as the official Secretary of Socioeconomic Planning and the Director-General of NEDA on April 22, 2021. His nomination was confirmed by the
Commission on Appointments on June 2, making him the youngest secretary in the Duterte Cabinet. ==Personal life==