J. Kemna – Breslau The company founder
Julius Kemna originally came from
Barmen, where he was born in 1837. In 1867 he started his business in Breslau (
Silesia), which initially produced agricultural machinery. He worked with
Fowler at times, but soon decided to build his own locomotives and steam plows. Following the example of Fowler, Kemna also built single-cylinder saturated steam engines, but soon recognized the advantages of high-pressure steam technology with
superheated steam technology with compound or composite design, capable of significantly higher outputs with less consumption of heating material and water. With a keen sense for future developments, Kemna had recognized that the steam engine was not only revolutionary for industry, but also in agriculture and road construction. Julius Kemna died in 1898 and bequeathed 30 marks to his employees for each year of employment; enough money for many to build a house.
20th century At the beginning of the 20th century, Julius Kemna became the "leading steam plow company on the European continent and entered the monopoly of English companies on the world market". The company developed into a "large industrial enterprise" around the turn of the century. Due to capacity expansions in 1905, approximately 900 employees were employed on a 52,000 m2 industrial site. The First World War led the army management's demand that tractors be standardized across manufacturers to cope with the spare parts problem. Kemna thus introduced the road locomotive EM (unit engine), which was soon recreated by various manufacturers in the German Empire. Many of these machines were delivered to Europe as reparations for the First World War. In 1919 Kemna advertised with its steam trucks, which were street locomotives with two trailers that were able to "transport 300 to 400 hundredweights with a range of up to 30 kilometers at a speed of 5 to 10 km / h". The traditional Steam plowing systems where two locomotives pulled the plow back and forth where gradually replaced in the
1920s by oil tractors independent of coal and water. The company adjusted to this market situation by relocating production. In 1923, Kemna's company was the first company in Germany to launch a
road roller with a
crude oil engine (Deutz-Diesel engine).Kemna, Julius – Deutsche Biographie Kemna offered
threshing machines and other equipment under the Wratislawia brand. After the First World War, Kemna also manufactured tractors with an internal combustion engine. Kemna road rollers were known throughout Europe. After the entry of Julius Kemna's son Erich Kemna into the company, Kemna focussed primarily on road construction. An asphalt mixture was created for this purpose in 1910. The location for the road construction division was relocated to Berlin.Kemna, Julius – Deutsche Biographie The Wroclaw plant was completely destroyed in the Second World War. Due to the transfer of territory from Silesia to Poland, the J. Kemna plant was closed in 1945. After 1945, construction machinery, loaders and rollers were manufactured in Poland under the company FADROMA Wroclaw. Three Kemna machines can still be viewed in museums in
Sinsheim and
Berlin as well as in the Polish National Museum of Agriculture near
Poznan, another is freely accessible in the village of
Veitsch in Styria (Austria). File:Kemna road roller.jpg|A Steam-ploughing engine File:Kemna Lokomotiven.jpg|Kemna produced Agricultural machinery up to
World War 2 (as can be seen in this watercolor depicting a Kemna plow) File:Kemna factory.jpg|Kemna factory in
Breslau Kemna after World War 2 After WW2, the company reformed, with little to no connection to its predecessor. The road construction segment of Kemna in Berlin was under the control of the
Allied powers, which is why the
Kemna Baugesellschaft GmbH was founded in
Hamburg from a previously rather insignificant branch. After the end of the Allied control, the Berlin operation was reintegrated.
Mastic asphalt was again offered and procedures for rationalizing road construction were also developed. Production units were purchased from around Germany and the company grew at a steady pace. == Kemna Bau Andreae today ==