Born in
East Horsley, Surrey, Tyrrell served in the
Royal Air Force during
World War II. After the war he became a timber merchant; as a result, he was sometimes known as "Chopper". In 1952, at 28, he began racing a
Norton-powered
Cooper in
Formula 3. In 1958, he advanced to
Formula Two in a Cooper-
Climax, joining Cecil Libowitz and
Alan Brown. Along with numerous lesser lights, he also approved
Jody Scheckter and motorcycle racing ace
John Surtees. It was quick, if a trifle unreliable, and spawned the much better
Tyrrell 003 for 1971. This, in the hands of Stewart and newly hired
François Cevert, took eight wins during 1971 and 1972 and gave Stewart the 1971
World Drivers' Championship. During his early years in F1, "Uncle" Ken, as he was often known, reached the peak of his career. The
006, with its tall airbox, appeared in 1973 and was better than the 005. However, Tyrrell was profoundly affected by the death of Cevert in practice for the
1973 US Grand Prix, leading to Stewart announcing his retirement, the World Championship already his. With the death of Cevert and the departure of Stewart, Tyrrell in 1974 hired Scheckter and
Patrick Depailler and Gardner designed the less-twitchy
007. It was good enough for Scheckter to place third in the
World Championship and for Depailler to be ninth in his rookie season and for the team to continue to campaign the car during 1975. In the following years, the Tyrrell team slipped down the rankings to mid-field, despite having employed natural talents such as Scheckter, Depailler and
Ronnie Peterson, as well as lesser lights like
Jean-Pierre Jabouille, in a third 007 in 1975. Still, Tyrrell found the time to introduce new concepts for F1. In 1976, the Tyrrell team created the six-wheeled
P34, with four front wheels. The Gardner-designed single-seater achieved a race victory but it was abandoned after
Goodyear refused to develop the small tyres needed exclusively for the car as it would detract from the efforts in the ongoing tyre war with other tyre manufacturers. In the early 1980s Tyrrell's fortunes declined to the point where he had to run his team without sponsorship. Tyrrell still retained his eye for talent, bringing
Michele Alboreto,
Stefan Bellof and
Martin Brundle to F1, but was not able to retain them. Without the proper funding, Tyrrell was the only entrant with the Cosworth DFV at a time when all other teams had switched to turbocharged engines. Alboreto scored the engine's last win in 1983, but in 1984 the team was excluded from the championship after being found to have run underweight cars before adding ballast during pit stops. Tyrrell denied this and felt his team was being singled out for refusing to run more expensive turbos. In the early 1990s Tyrrell relinquished much of the company's control to his sons and to
Harvey Postlethwaite, who was the first to introduce the high-nose concept in the 1990 Tyrrell.
Jean Alesi scored two-second places in the car and the team led a lap for the last time. Their final podium finish was in 1994 with
Mark Blundell and their final points at the 1997 Monaco Grand Prix, with 5th position from
Mika Salo. In 1997 the Tyrrell F1 team was bought by
British American Tobacco and
Craig Pollock to create
British American Racing. Tyrrell did not stay with the team for its last year under the Tyrrell name (1998), after Pollock insisted on hiring
Ricardo Rosset, whom Tyrrell regarded as less capable than the also-available
Jos Verstappen. Tyrrell also approached
Norberto Fontana and had even drafted a contract, but this was also vetoed by British American Racing. On 25 August 2001 Ken Tyrrell died of pancreatic cancer at the age of 77. ==Notes==