Early life Bol was born in 1948 to
Dinka parents in
Twic County,
Bahr al Ghazal province in the west of present-day
South Sudan. He was educated at a
Roman Catholic mission primary school, and went on to intermediate studies. In the 1960s, Bol joined the
Anyanya separatist rebel group during the
First Sudanese Civil War and later joined the
Sudanese Armed Forces after the civil war ended in 1972. Kerubino then nominated Garang as the Commander-in-Chief, made himself second in command, Bany third and
Salva Kiir fourth. Bany was also the Chief of Staff,
Arok Thon Arok, who was said to be related to Garang, was the fifth senior commander of the Permanent Political Military Office of the SPLA. In 1986, Bol was deputy commander-in-chief of the SPLA and deputy chairman of the SPLM provisional executive committee. In 1987, he led a successful attack on several towns in
Blue Nile province to the north of South Sudan. In June of that year, Bol was accused of plotting a coup against Garang and was jailed for the next six years.
SSIM commander In August 1991
Riek Machar,
Lam Akol and
Gordon Kong announced that Garang had been ejected from the SPLM. They formed a rival militia called the
SPLA-Nasir, after their base in the town of
Nasir. On 5 April 1993, at a press conference in
Nairobi, three rebel factions – including
SPLA-Nasir (led by Lam Akol and joined by Machar and Bany) – announced a coalition, to be called "Sudanese People's Liberation Army-United", known as
SPLA-United. It included a number of former Garang officials and other southerners. Bol's Dinka forces made an important addition to the formerly
Nuer-dominated SPLA-Nasir. Bol became deputy Commander in Chief. Although seeking independence for southern Sudan, the group received covert support from the Government of Sudan as it fought the SPLA between 1991 and 1999 in attacks that became increasingly violent and ethnically motivated.
Government ally Early in 1995 Machar dismissed Bol and Bany from his
South Sudan Independence Movement (SSIM) on the basis that they had signed military and political agreements with the government of Sudan late in the previous year, and that they had attempted to form a government-supported faction in the SSIM. The Sudan government tried to make Bol a leader in his home province, but he was not successful in gaining support of the local Dinka, and members of his militia returned to their villages. In January 1998 Bol's forces briefly seized
Wau, the main town in
Bahr al Ghazal. From this strong position, he applied to rejoin the SPLA. He was accepted but assigned to a headquarters position rather than a field appointment. In disgust, he returned to the Sudan Government and in 1999 joined the South Sudan United Army, a militia headed by
Paulino Matip.
Death Later in 1999, Commander
Peter Gadet fell out with
Paulino Matip. During the struggles that followed, Bol was shot in obscure circumstances on 10 September 1999. He left several wives and more than 20 children. ==References==