(). Soon after Khayishan's accession the
Classic of Filial Piety (Xiao Jing), one of the works attributed to Confucius, having been translated into the
Mongolian language, was distributed throughout the empire. He granted the princes and officials who attended his ceremony lavish gifts in accordance with the amounts set by the previous emperor. Huge amounts, moreover, were spent on the construction of
Buddhist temples at Dadu and Shangdu. Fresh honors were decreed to the memory of the old sage, and the characters Da Qing were added to his titles. His administration was founded on the unstable balance between Khayishan, his younger brother Ayurbarwada and their mother Dagi of the Khunggirad clan. Khayishan appointed Ayurbarwada as
Crown Prince on the condition that he would pass the status to Khayishan's son after his succession. He generously gave bonuses to imperial princes and Mongol aristocrats and enjoyed popularity among them. Khayishan freely gave away noble and official titles and filled the government with supernumeraries. Having little regard for the unwritten law of
Kublai Khan that only the sons of Khagans could be made princes of the first rank, he granted the
Genghisids and the non-Borjigins many princely titles. Meanwhile, his administration was plagued with financial difficulties caused by free-spending policies and longstanding military spending, so he brought back the
Department of State Affairs (Shangshu Sheng) for financial affairs in parallel with the
Central Secretariat (Zhongshu Sheng) for administrative affairs. He changed the branch offices of the Central Secretariat to those of the Department of State Affairs to strengthen the monopoly in salt and other goods and issued new bills (
Jiaochao) called Zhida-yinchao () to replace Zhiyuan-chao (). His anti-inflation plans did not achieve adequate results in his short reign and dissatisfied Han Chinese officers and commoners. He attempted to push through a new nonconvertible silver currency but was defeated by public resistance. Although he first shared with Ayurbarwada the tutorship of the
Confucian scholar Li Meng, he apparently was little affected by Confucian culture. He transferred Harghasun to Mongolia as the grand councillor of the left wing of Branch secretariat of Lin-pei despite his great contribution. Khayishan heavily relied on his retainers and commanders he had brought from Mongolia. He gave key posts to them and favored non-Mongol corps including the
Kipchak, the
Asud (
Alans) and the
Qanglï. In contrast, he did not reward abundantly the Khunggirad faction who had carried out a coup against Bulughan. Because Tula said something suspicious in rage, Khayishan suspected that he had a further object, and had him tried and put to death. Khayishan greatly favored
Buddhism, so that he ordered the
Tibetan Lama Chogdi Osor to translate the sacred books of
Buddha. When the Buddhist
monks made mistakes except in cases affecting the
Yuan dynasty, he refused to punish them. A law was passed that whoever struck a Lama should lose his tongue, but Ayurbarwada repealed it as entirely contrary to precedent. However, Khayishan was the first Khagan to tax the lands held by the Buddhist monks and the followers of
Taoism, hitherto exempt. In order to reduce the cost of supporting the Yuan bureaucracy, he issued an order in 1307 to dismiss the supernumeraries and to bring total number of officials in line with the quota that had been set by his uncle Temür Khan. The order produced no practical results; the number of bureau's chief officials jumped from 6 in Kublai's reign to 32. He also had the building of court officials and a new palace city built at Dadu and Zhongdu (the ruins of Zhongdu in
Zhangbei County can be seen until today). In 1308, the
Goryeo king
Chungnyeol of
Korea died, and Khayishan sent a patent for his successor
Chungseon. That year Chapar and other princes of the Khanate of Ögedei came to Khayishan with their submission, permanently ending the threat against the
Chagatai Khanate and the Yuan dynasty by Khaidu's sons. During his reign, the Yuan completed the subjugation of
Sakhalin, forcing its
Ainu people to accept their
supremacy in 1308. and its client states () In 1308, the court made major readjustments in terms of official salaries. Zhiyuan notes would be used instead of
Zhongtong notes. The court also abolished the "salary rice" policy decreed by his predecessor,
Temür Khan. The Zhida-yinchao became so depreciated in value that in 1309 there was a fresh issue, made to replace that which was the discredited paper, but this also sank rapidly in value; at length, the Emperor, Khaissan, determined upon a recurrence to the ancient money and, accordingly, in 1310, there were struck two kinds of
copper coins having
Mongol characters upon them. Some with the inscription, precious money of the Zhida period; and others with this legend, precious money of the Great Yuan. These copper coins were of three sizes: 1 of the value of one li; 2 of the value of ten li; and 3 of coins worth several of those of the dynasties
Tang and
Song dynasties. Khayishan's court encountered financial difficulties. For example, the total
government expenditure for the year 1307 was 10 million ting of paper notes and 3 million dan of
grains. By 1310, 10,603,100 ting had been borrowed from the reserves for current expenditures. That same year, to address financial difficulties, he reformed the government's finances by abolishing the office land system and replacing it with salary rice to support the capital. However, the reform caused widespread dissatisfaction especially among government officials. Local officials without office lands received no rice, and court officials lost their rice altogether due to the cancellation of the salary rice policy. To fight against
inflation, Khayishan's administration established granaries in localities and drastically increased the quota for the maritime shipment of grain from
Yangtze valley, reaching 2.9 million shih in 1310. Khayishan reduced the number of chief officials in the Secretariat, the Censorate, the Bureau of Military Affairs, and the Bureau of Transmission as well as supernumeraries in various offices. ==Death==