Early career Kimura was born in 1830 into a
Hatamoto family, part of the samurai class in direct service to the
Tokugawa shogunate. As a teenager and young man, he held several minor posts within the shogunal bureaucracy. In 1856 he was appointed as director of the
Nagasaki Naval Training Center after the previous director,
Nagai Naoyuki, moved to the new
Tsukiji Naval Training Center in
Edo. During this time, Kimura learned about the latest naval technology from Dutch instructors
Pels Rijcken and
Willem Huyssen van Kattendijke. With the closure of the Nagasaki training center in 1859, Kimura returned to Edo and was promoted to a newly created position, magistrate of warships (), often translated as "Admiral". At this time, he had a home in the Shinsenza district of
Edo (modern-day
Hamamatsucho).
The Embassy of 1860 After the
Harris Treaty of 1858, Japan was required to send ambassadors to the United States to ratify the treaty. These ambassadors travelled on the
USS Powhatan, and this vessel was accompanied by the Japanese ship
Kanrin Maru, purchased from the Dutch a few years previously, intended as a showcase of Japanese mastery of Western technology. Due to his experience with modern naval technology, Kimura was made commander of the mission, putting him in charge of organising the transport, and, if the ambassadors had been unable to make it to Washington, Kimura would have been deputised to complete the mission in their place. As commander, Kimura was able to personally select some members of the mission, including
Katsu Kaishū, former head instructor at the Nagasaki training centre, who he appointed as captain of the
Kanrin Maru;
Nakahama "John" Manjiro, one of the few Japanese people to speak good English at the time, as translator and interpreter; and a young
Fukuzawa Yukichi as an attendant. The
Kanrin Maru set sail from
Uraga on 9 February 1860, and arrived in San Francisco 37 days later, well ahead of the Powhatan, as the other ship had made a stop in the
Kingdom of Hawaiʻi. This meant that they were the first Japanese government representatives to set foot in the US, and as such were given a warm and elaborate welcome by the Americans, despite not being the official ambassadors. As the highest-ranking Japanese on the ship, Kimura represented the embassy at the functions, via Nakahama's English–Japanese interpretation. Kimura's insistence on proper etiquette regarding issues such as disembarkation and the order of toasts given at a reception were remarked on by the American press. While he was there, Kimura bought a black Western-style umbrella, different from those made in Japan. The official embassy arrived in San Francisco aboard the Powhatan on 29 March, and were received with similar acclaim, but left for
Washington D.C. on 7 April, while the
Kanrin Maru was still undergoing repairs. Kimura had intended to remain in San Francisco until they heard news from Washington about the embassy, but the rudimentary transcontinental communication meant this was not forthcoming, so the
Kanrin Maru set off back to Japan from San Francisco on 8 May, and arrived in Uraga on 24 June, having stopped in Hawaiʻi.
Later life After returning to Japan, Kimura returned to his duties as magistrate of warships for the
bakufu, pushing for modernising reforms to the structure of the Navy. Leading up to and during the
Boshin War, Kimura held several different roles on the side of the
bakufu. He remained close with Fukuzawa Yukichi in the years after the voyage, the latter spending so much time at Kimura's Shinzenza residence that he was "almost like a member of the household". Despite having fought for the now-deposed
bakufu, after the
Meiji restoration Kimura was offered positions in the new government, but he turned them down. During his retirement, he wrote books such as the "Thirty Year History" (). Kimura died in 1901. == References ==