The film initially emerged from director Lance Oppenheim's undergraduate thesis in the Visual and Environmental Studies program at
Harvard University, where he collaborated with classmate and co-producer Christian Vazquez. At Harvard, Oppenheim worked on an earlier version of the film under the tutelage of filmmakers
Robb Moss,
Ross McElwee,
Lucien Castaing-Taylor, and
Alfred Guzzetti, which informed the creation of the rest of the project. The film continued to develop through the Sundance Ignite program. A Floridian, Oppenheim was interested in returning home to explore why "thousands of retirees were moving across the country, isolating themselves in a Truman Show-like bubble-world that reminded them of their youth". Before filming, Oppenheim ventured to The Villages and lived in a rented room for nearly thirty days with retired
rodeo clowns to embed himself into the social fabric of the community. Bolen, the cinematographer of the film, worked with Oppenheim to develop the heightened style and look of the film before production. Bolen and Oppenheim have been collaborating since the latter was 17 years old. After collaborating with Kathleen Lingo at
The New York Times on his three previous short documentaries for Op-Docs, Oppenheim approached Lingo regarding the film, initially envisioning it as a short documentary. Lingo urged Oppenheim to develop the project into a feature, thus sparking their fourth collaboration—and one of
The New York Times' first feature film productions—together.
Darren Aronofsky met Oppenheim when he was still a senior in college after Oppenheim "found [his] email on the internet" and spent nearly five years sending unsolicited cold emails. Upon finally getting in touch with Aronofsky and his team at
Protozoa Pictures, Oppenheim shared a
sizzle reel to the film. Aronofsky, impressed with the surreal setting and film's visual approach, signed on shortly after. Editor Daniel Garber joined the project, starting when only a quarter of the footage had been shot. Garber worked with Oppenheim to shape the film's stories, even visiting The Villages to get a better sense of the place. In interviews, Oppenheim has credited Garber as the film's "co-author", and being integral in the creating a grammar that "was more experiential than other documentaries... something that felt like a narrative film but retained the integrity of being 100% grounded in reality". == Critical response ==