During the Nazi occupation of
Voronezh, at the age of just 16, Feoktistov fought with the
Soviet Army against the
German troops, carrying out
reconnaissance missions for the
Voronezh Front. After being captured by a
Waffen-SS Army patrol, Feoktistov was shot by a German officer. However, the bullet went right through his chin and neck and did not kill him. Feoktistov could crawl out later and then make his way to the Soviet lines. After the war was over, Feoktistov enrolled in the
Bauman Moscow Higher Technical School as an engineering student and he graduated in 1949. Feoktistov also later earned a doctorate in
physics. He joined
Mikhail Tikhonravov's
OKB (design bureau), and in 1955, Feoktistov formed part of the team that went on to design the
Sputnik satellites, the
Vostok space capsule, the
Voskhod space capsule, and the
Soyuz space capsule under the leadership of the Soviet Chief Designer
Sergey Korolev. During this time, Feoktistov also worked on a design for an
ion-propelled spacecraft capable of taking humans to
Mars. In 1964, Feoktistov was selected as part of a group of engineers for
cosmonaut training, and in October of that same year, he was hastily assigned to the multi-disciplinary Voskhod 1 crew. He was the first civilian to make a space flight, and the only cosmonaut in the Soviet Union who was not a member of the
Communist Party of the Soviet Union. He spent just over 24 hours and 17 minutes in space during his space flight. After the flight of Voskhod 1, Feoktistov's training for any further
space mission was discontinued for medical reasons. However, Feoktistov continued his outer space engineering work, and he later became the head of the Soviet space design bureau that designed the
Salyut and
Mir space stations. In October 1969, Konstantin Feoktistov and Georgi Beregovoi traveled as guests of NASA throughout the US, visiting any city they chose and
Disneyland in California – they were joined on the trip by US astronauts as hosts, including
Eugene Cernan,
Neil Armstrong and others.
Kirk Douglas and others hosted receptions for them in Hollywood – they were protected by special agents of the US State Department on request of NASA. Almost every place they went when accompanied by Eugene Cernan, if a band was present the song "
Fly Me to the Moon" was played – when they visited Disneyland they enjoyed the ride Trip To The Moon, then joked with the US astronauts that they went to Disneyland and not the Moon. It was a trip that all enjoyed and international friendships were made. Feoktistov resigned from his engineering position with
Energia and then returned to Bauman Moscow Higher Technical School as a professor in 1990. ==Honours and awards==