Initials Finals Features • The Middle Chinese
entering tone has a different distribution in the Luoyang dialect than in Standard Mandarin. (See
entering tone for more.) •
Tone contours are different from those in Standard Mandarin. • The retroflex and alveolar fricatives are found in different distributions: retroflex fricatives in Standard are often fronted to alveolar fricatives in Luoyang. • The distinction between and , lost in Standard, is maintained in Luoyang. • The
retroflex series is less retroflexed than in Standard Mandarin and slightly further forward. • The
alveolo-palatal series is slightly further back than in Standard Mandarin. • Standard final and are often backed to in Luoyang. For example, (Standard /,
to learn) is , and (Standard /,
horn) is . • Standard final is pronounced or in certain environments in Luoyang. • Standard final
nasalizes the preceding vowel in the Luoyang Dialect. • The
-儿 suffix is pronounced . ==Notes==