L-xylulose reductase

The DCXR gene encodes a membrane protein that is approximately 34 kDa in size and composed of 224 amino acids. The protein is highly expressed in the kidney and localizes to the cytoplasmic membrane. == Function ==

DCSR catalyzes the reduction of several L-xylylose as well as a number of pentoses, tetroses, trioses, alpha-dicarbonyl compounds. The enzyme is involved in carbohydrate metabolism, glucose metabolism, the uronate cycle and may play a role in the water absorption and cellular osmoregulation in the proximal renal tubules by producing xylitol. In enzymology, L-xylulose reductase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Its two substrates are xylitol and the oxidised cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+). The products are L-xylulose, reduced NADPH, and a proton. This enzyme belongs to the superfamily of short-chain oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is xylitol:NADP+ 2-oxidoreductase (L-xylulose-forming). == Clinical significance ==

A deficiency is responsible for pentosuria. The insufficiency of L-xylulose reductase activity causes an inborn error of metabolism disease characterized by excessive urinary excretion of L-xylulose. Over-expression and ectopic expression of the protein may be associated with prostate adenocarcinoma. ==See also==