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Sultanate of Lahej

Lahej, the Sultanate of Lahej, or, sometimes, the Abdali Sultanate, was a Sheikdom based in Lahij in Southern Arabia. The Sultanate became self-ruling in 1728 and gained independence in 1740. In 1839, the Sultanate became part of the Aden Protectorate of the British Empire, though nominally the 'Abdali Sultan retained his status. The Aden Protectorate was briefly ruled again by the Ottomans during World War I, but regained by the British after the Ottoman defeat in World War I and absorbed into Federation of South Arabia in 1963. The 'Abdali dynasty was officially abolished in 1967, with the proclamation of South Yemen.

History
. Establishment Lahej was a sultanate of the 'Abdali dynasty. In 1740 the 'Abdali sultan became independent. It became independent thanks to the fracturing of the Zaidi State in north Yemen. The Sultanate of Lahej became an independent entity, from 1728 to 1839. The arrival of the British The first political intercourse between Lahej and the British took place in 1799, when a naval force was sent from Great Britain, with a detachment of troops from India, to occupy the island of Perim and prevent all communication of the French in Egypt with the Indian Ocean, by way of the Red Sea. The island of Perim was found unsuitable for troops, and the Sultan of Lahej, Ahmed bin Abdul Karim, received the detachment for some time at Aden. He proposed to enter into an alliance and to grant Aden as a permanent station, but the offer was declined. A Treaty was, however, concluded with the Sultan in 1802 by Admiral Sir Home Popham, who was instructed to enter into political and commercial alliances with the Chiefs of the Arabian coast of the Red Sea. The loss of Aden From that time there was little or no intercourse with Aden until 1837, when attention was drawn to the plunder and maltreatment of the crews of British vessels wrecked on the Aden coast. The most notable case was that of the Deria Dowlut, the crew of which were stripped and barbarously treated. Captain Haines, who was then employed in the survey of the Arabian coast, was instructed to demand satisfaction. He was at the same time to endeavour to purchase Aden as a coaling depot for the steamers plying between India and the Red Sea. Sultan Muhsin, who had succeeded his uncle, Sultan Ahmed, in 1827, at first denied all participation in the plunder; but, finding the British Commissioner firm in his demands, he eventually consented to give up part of the property and pay compensation for the rest. A draft treaty for the cession of Aden was laid before the Sultan, to which he gave his verbal consent and promised formally to agree after consulting his Chiefs. In this draft the amount of compensation to he paid for Aden was left undetermined, but it was afterwards arranged that an annual payment of 8,700 crowns should he made. In 1918 Sultan Abdul Karim was granted a personal salute of 11 guns. In February 1919 the Subeihi were again placed under the control of the Abdali. The ratification of this agreement, has been postponed by the British government until after the final settlement of the future political status of Arabia. The agreement, although only in partial operation during recent years has had the effect of strengthening the influence of the Sultan of Laliej in the Subeihi area. In January 1919, in consequence of incursions by the Imam into the Protectorate and the resulting danger to Lahej, a force of British troops was sent to garrison Nobat Dukeim. It was withdrawn in July 1922 but a small detachment of Indian troops was left at Habil. This was withdrawn in April 1928. The Sultan visited India in 1922 and England in 1924 when he was received by His Majesty the King, together with his son Fadlil. He visited India again in 1930. The Resident convened the first Conference of ruling chiefs of the Protectorate in April 1929. The Conference was held at Lahej under the Presidency of the Abdali Sultan and was reconvened in December 1930. In 1931, The gross revenue of the Adbali is estimated at Rs. 2,75,000 a year, and the population amounted to about 35,000 in. In 1948, the Subayhi tribal area was absorbed into the sultanate. By 1958, Britain was worried that the sultan at the time, Ali bin Abd al Karim al Abdali, an Arab nationalist, would refuse to join the British-sponsored Federation of Arab Emirates of the South, and had him deposed. Lahej ended up joining the Federation and later the Federation of South Arabia in 1963. Aftermath South Yemen In 1967 the new Communist regime expelled the Abdali Sultan. The dynasty of the Sultanate of Lahej was abolished with the founding of the socialist state of People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (1967–1990). Unified Yemen The former territory of the Sultanate has been within the Republic of Yemen since the Yemeni unification in 1990. ==Rulers==
Rulers
Abdali Sultans • 1728–1742: al-Fadl I ibn 'Ali al-Sallami al-'Abdali • 1742–1753: 'Abd al-Karim I ibn al-Fadl al-'Abdali • 1753–1775: 'Abd al-Hadi ibn 'Abd al-Karim al-'Abdali • 1775–1791: al-Fadl II ibn 'Abd al-Karim al-'Abdali • 1791–1827: Ahmad I ibn 'Abd al-Karim al-'Abdali • 1827 – November 1839: Muhsin ibn al-Fadl al-'Abdali (1st time) • November 1839 – December 1839: Ahmad II ibn Muhsin al-'Abdali (1st time) • December 1839 – August 1846: Muhsin ibn al-Fadl al-'Abdali (2nd time) • 11 August 1846 – September 1846: Sayyid Isma'il ibn al-Hasan al-Husayni (usurper) • September 1846 – 30 November 1847: Muhsin ibn al-Fadl al-'Abdali (3rd time) • December 1847 – 20 January 1849: Ahmad II ibn Muhsin al-'Abdali (2nd time) • March 1849 – 7 April 1863: 'Ali I ibn Muhsin al-'Abdali • April 1863 – 1863: al-Fadl III ibn 'Ali al-'Abdali (1st time) • 1863 – 5 July 1874: al-Fadl IV ibn Muhsin al-'Abdali • 5 July 1874 – 27 April 1898: al-Fadl III ibn 'Ali al-'Abdali (2nd time) • 29 April 1898 – March 1914: Ahmad III ibn al-Fadl al-'Abdali (from 9 Nov 1901, Sir Ahmad III ibn al-Fadl al-'Abdali) • March 1914 – 4 July 1915: 'Ali II ibn Ahmad al-'Abdali (from 8 Oct 1914, Sir 'Ali II ibn Ahmad al-'Abdali) • 13 July 1915 – 18 June 1947: 'Abd al-Karim II ibn al-Fadl al-'Abdali (from 1 Jan 1918, Sir 'Abd al-Karim II ibn al-Fadl al-'Abdali) • 18 June 1947 – 21 May 1952: al-Fadl V ibn 'Abd al-Karim al-'Abdali • 4 June 1952 – 10 July 1958: 'Ali III ibn 'Abd al-Karim al-'Abdali (from 1 Jan 1955, Sir 'Ali III ibn 'Abd al-Karim al-'Abdali) • 10 July 1958 – August 1967: al-Fadl VI ibn 'Ali al-'Abdali (acting with style Na'ib to 8 Dec 1958) ==Economy==
Economy
British Empire The Sultanate of Lahej and others surrounding the Port of Aden had economic influence by supporting the important trade economy of the British Empire from South Asia. Early 19th century industrial Britain, with its rapidly expanding economy, needed improved and reliable communication with British India and the East India Company operations. The 1863 opening of the Suez Canal initiated further British trade protection strategies, securing the port of Adan and surroundings to serve the Red Sea shipping routes using its new canal. The Sultanate was part of an effort of the British Empire to protect the East India Route, the sea route between the Mediterranean and India, in and through the southern coasts of the Arabian Peninsula. Resources As of 1920, the Lahej region was producing salt, from salt mines owned by the Ottoman government, that passed through the Sultanate for shipping. ==See also==
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