The origins of the Sayama Pond are not clear; it was completed some time between the fourth and seventh centuries, during the
Kofun to
Asuka period. It appears in both the "
Kojiki" and "
Nihon Shoki", which states that it was made during the reign of
Emperor Sujin by damming the north-flowing Nishiyoke and Mitsuya rivers. It is believed to have been repaired by
Gyōki in 731, and again in 762 after a collapse of the embankment. Further repairs were recorded in 1202 and in 1608. During the
Edo Period, the pond was maintained by the Ikejiri family on a hereditary basis, and managed by
Sayama Domain (whose ''
jin'ya'' was on the eastern side of the pond), although the pond itself was direct property of the
Tokugawa shogunate. Until the re-routing of the
Yamato River cut off much of its water supply and drainage channels in 1704, the pond provided irrigation water for 80 villages. From 1898, the pond came undertone control of the Sayama Pond Ordinary Water Conservancy Association and water supply method and regulations were modernized. A project to add a flood control function to the pond was completed in 1998, at which time the area around the pond was made into a public park. Over 50 species of wild birds have been spotted in the pond area. In addition, the Osaka Prefectural Sayama Pond Museum, opened in 2001 on the north side of the pond for the purpose of preserving and opening the former Sayama Pond. It contains displays of a portion of original embankment cut out during the renovation work and allows visitors to see the cross section.
Dendrochronology of timbers used in the base of the embankment yielded a date of 616 AD, or during the reign of
Empress Suiko, and the construction method similar to contemporary structures which have been found in China. Analysis of sediments found large quantities of marine
diatoms, which confirm that
tsunami from large earthquakes in the past, such as the
684 Hakuhō earthquake and the
1605 Keichō earthquake reached the pond. Also found during the
archaeological excavation was the remnants of signboard for the 1202 renovation of the pond by the monk Chōgen. It was designated as an
Important Cultural Property in 2014. ==Gallery==