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Lakshmi Devi Temple, Doddagaddavalli

The Lakshmi Devi temple is an early 12th-century Hindu temple dedicated for Goddess Mahalakshmi, who is considered to be a jagrat (awake) devi in Doddagaddavalli village in Hassan District, Karnataka, India. It is the first Hoysala Temple constructed by the erstwhile rulers of the dynasty. The main temple has four-shrines that share a common mandapa (hall), each sanctum being a square and aligned to a cardinal direction. The eastern shrine houses the Hindu goddess Mahalakshmi, the northern shrine is dedicated to Kali, the western to Shiva—who is worshipped as Lakshmi’s brother—and the southern shrine, once dedicated to Vishnu, now stands empty due to widespread vandalism and destruction. The complex has a separate Bhairava shrine northeast of the main temple, and four small shrines at the corners inside a nearly square prakara (compound). All nine temples are in the pyramidal north Indian style Nagara shikhara, likely an influence from Maharashtra. The complex has additional smaller shrines.

Location and date
Doddagaddavalli is called Gadumballi in historic inscriptions. It is located about northwest from Hassan city, about south of Halebidu, and about southeast from Belur (NH 373). The temple is to the south side of the modern village, on the banks of a historic water reservoir. The Lakshmi Devi temple was built in 1113 CE by a wealthy merchant Kalhana Ravuta and his wife Sahaja Devi during the reign of the famous Hoysala King Vishnuvardhana. ==Architecture==
Architecture
The temple complex is within a seven feet high praakara (compound), almost a 115 feet square. It had a dwara-mantapa to its west and a dwarashobha to its east, but these along with the original compound decoration is now missing except for the door frames and the mantapa-like structure. The temple does not stand on a jagati (platform). Three of the vimanas (shrines) have a common square mantapa (hall). The fourth vimana, one at the north and dedicated to Kali, is connected to the mantapa via an oblong extension. The extension has two lateral entrances into the temple, one from east, the other west. The vimanas have their original phamsana-style tower (superstructure) intact. These illustrate the Kadamba Nagara architecture. Of the nine shrines in this complex, eight vimanas are simple phamsana and symmetric within each set. The ninth vimana that opens to the east is different – it is a tritala (three storey) superstructure and is dedicated to goddess Lakshmi, thus making her the primary deity and giving this temple its dedicatory name. The Hoysala emblem (the sculpture of a legendary warrior "Sala" fighting a lion) is mounted atop one of the Sukanasi. According to art critic Gerard Foekema, overall the temple has shows the pre-Hoysala elements of architecture. There is only one eaves running round the temple where the main towers meet the wall of the shrine. At the base of the wall of the shrines are five moldings; between the moldings and the eaves, the usual panels of Hoysala sculptures depicting Hindu gods, goddesses and their attendants is however missing. Instead, the entire space is taken up by decorative miniature towers on pilasters (called aedicule). The main shrine facing east has a image of the goddess Lakshmi with an attendant on either side. The image holds Vishnu's icons – a conch in the upper right hand, a chakra (discuss) in the upper left, a rosary in the lower right, and a mace in the lower left. In the shrines facing north, south and west respectively are the images of Kali (a form of Durga), the god Vishnu, and Boothanatha Linga (the universal symbol of the god Shiva). A sculpture of Tandaveswara (dancing Shiva) exists in the circular panel at the center of the ceiling of the mantapa. Other notable artwork are those of Gajalakshmi (form of Lakshmi with elephants on either side), Tandaveshwara and Yoganarasimha (avatars of Vishnu) found on the doorway of the temple. ==Gallery==
Gallery
Image:Entrance to Lakshmidevi Temple in Doddagaddavalli.jpg|One of two entrances File:Close up view of Lakshmidevi temple at Doddagaddavalli.jpg|Kadamba shikhara (tower) with kalasha (pinnacle) File:View of Chatuskuta shrine towers over bounding wall in the Lakshmi Devi temple at Doddagaddavalli.JPG|Prakara wall (west side) File:Decorative water spout in Lakshmi Devi temple complex at Doddagaddavalli.JPG|Makara-pranala, a spout to drain sanctum ritual water File:A view of shrine with Kadamba nagara sikhara (tower) in Lakshmi Devi temple complex at Doddagaddavalli.jpg|Kadamba nagara shikhara (tower) File:Ornate lintel over entrance into sanctum in Lakshmi Devi temple complex at Doddagaddavalli.JPG|Ornate lintel over entrance into sanctum in Lakshmi Devi temple at Doddagaddavalli File:Shivagana sculpture inthe mantapa of the Lakshmi Devi temple at Doddagaddavalli.JPG|Emaciated goblin near Kali's shrine File:An ornate elephant statue at Lakshmi Devi Temple,Doddagaddavalli.jpg|An Ornate Elephant balustrade at the main temple entrance File:Ornated ceiling inside Lakshmi Devi Temple, Doddagaddavalli.jpg|Ornated bay ceiling inside the temple File:Decorated Ceiling of Lakshmi Devi Temple, Doddagaddavalli.jpg|Ornate ceiling File:Old Kannada inscription (12th-13th century) at Lakshmi Devi temple complex at Doddagaddavalli.JPG|Old Kannada inscription ==References==
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