serves just as a
browser example.)
Linux Linux is a
Unix-like computer
operating system assembled under the model of
free and open-source software development and distribution. Most
Linux distributions, as collections of software based around the
Linux kernel, typically provided through a
package management system, provide complete LAMP setups through their packages. According to W3Techs in October 2013, 58.5% of web server market share is shared between
Debian and
Ubuntu, while
RHEL,
Fedora and
CentOS together shared 37.3%.
Apache The role of LAMP's web server has been traditionally supplied by Apache, and has since included other web servers such as
Nginx. Apache is developed and maintained by an open community of developers under the auspices of the
Apache Software Foundation. Released under the
Apache License, Apache is
open-source software. A wide variety of features are supported, and many of them are implemented as
compiled modules which extend the core functionality of Apache. These can range from server-side programming language support to authentication.
MySQL and database alternatives MySQL's original role as the LAMP's
relational database management system has since been alternately provisioned by others like
PostgreSQL, MariaDB (a community-developed
fork of MySQL developed by its original developers), and even
NoSQL databases like
MongoDB. MySQL is a
multithreaded,
multi-user,
SQL database management system, acquired by
Sun Microsystems in 2008, which was then acquired by
Oracle Corporation in 2010. Since its early years, the MySQL team has made its
source code available under the terms of the
GNU General Public License, as well as under a variety of
proprietary agreements.
PostgreSQL is also an
ACID-compliant
object-relational database management system developed by PostgreSQL Global Development Group. MongoDB is a
NoSQL database that eschews the traditional
relational database structure in favor of
JSON-like documents with dynamic schemas (calling the format
BSON), making the integration of data in certain types of applications easier and faster.
PHP and alternatives PHP's role as the LAMP's application programming language has also been performed by other languages such as Perl and Python. PHP is a
server-side scripting language designed for
web development but also used as a
general-purpose programming language. PHP code is
interpreted by a web server via a PHP processor module, which generates the resulting web page. PHP commands can optionally be embedded directly into an
HTML source document rather than calling an external file to process data. It has also evolved to include a
command-line interface capability and can be used in standalone
graphical applications. PHP is
free software released under the terms of
PHP License, which is incompatible with the
GNU General Public License (GPL) due to restrictions the PHP License places on the usage of the term
PHP.
Perl is a family of
high-level, general-purpose, interpreted,
dynamic programming languages. The languages in this family include Perl 5 and
Raku. They provide advanced text processing facilities without the arbitrary data-length limits of many contemporary
Unix command line tools, facilitating manipulation of
text files. Perl 5 gained widespread popularity in the late 1990s as a
CGI scripting language for the Web, in part due to its
parsing abilities.
Python is a widely used general-purpose, high-level,
interpreted, programming language. Python supports multiple
programming paradigms, including
object-oriented,
imperative,
functional and
procedural paradigms. It features a
dynamic type system, automatic
memory management, a
standard library, and strict use of
whitespace. Like other
dynamic languages, Python is often used as a
scripting language, but is also used in a wide range of non-scripting contexts. == High availability and load balancing ==