The structure of the
Landstände was highly variable depending on the country and period of history. Furthermore, both the representatives of the older system, the
Ständeordnung, where the estates were predominant, and the parliaments of the newer people's representative systems were called
Landstände. The term
Landtag was used, both under the
Ständeordnung as well as the newer representative structures, for a general assembly of the estates or the parliament. The totality of the
Landstände in a sovereign territory was also called the
Landschaft. In the older feudal system, the estates originally consisted of the assembly of deputies of the privileged estates of a country, the
nobility and the
clergy, who had joined together to form an organised body. Later, representatives of the towns were added. In some cases (for example, in
Vienna,
Württemberg or
Mecklenburg),
yeomen (
Freibauer) were also given the right to participate as representatives of the
peasants. An unusual exception were the estates in the
land of Hadeln, which were formed almost exclusively of the farmers of large farms (
Großbauer). At the
Landtage, the
Landstände were divided into separate
curiae (divisions). As a rule, three
curiae were usually distinguished: the
prelates, the
knights and the
towns. However, the early
Landstände initially only represented the rights of their own estate and could only indirectly be considered to represent the whole population in their domain at the same time. In the
Ständeordnungen, unlike
absolutist systems of rule, the prince could not raise new taxes or adopt new laws outside his own personal estate (
chamber goods or
Kämmergüter) without the consent of the
Landstände. == History ==