Each lateral ventricle takes the form of an elongated curve, with an additional anterior-facing continuation emerging inferiorly from a point near the posterior end of the curve; the junction is known as the
trigone of the lateral ventricle. The centre of the superior curve is referred to as the
body, while the three remaining portions are known as
horns (
cornua in Latin); they are usually referred to by their position relative to the
body (anterior, posterior, or inferior), or sometimes by the lobe of the cerebral cortex into which they extend. Though somewhat flat, the lateral ventricles have a vaguely triangular cross-section.
Ependyma, which are
neuroepithelial cells, line the ventricular system including the lateral ventricles. Between the inferior horn and the main body of the ventricle is the
putamen, which emerges from the head of the
caudate nucleus, and sits above the tapetum; a small number of further connections passing through the occipital tapetum to join the putamen to portions of the caudate nucleus tail adjoining the anterior horn. Below the putamen sits the
globus pallidus, with which it connects. These structures bounding the lateral ventricles form a frame curving around the
thalamus, which itself constitutes the main structure bounding the third ventricle. Were it not for the
choroid plexus, a cleft-like opening would be all that lay between the lateral ventricle and the thalamus; this cleft constitutes the lower part of the
choroid fissure. The thalamus primarily communicates with the structures bounding the lateral ventricles via the globus pallidus, and the anterior extremities of the fornix (the
mamillary bodies).
Body of the lateral ventricle The body of the lateral ventricle, or central part is the part of the ventricle between the anterior horn and the trigone. Its roof is bound by the
tapetum of the corpus callosum - and is separated medially from the other lateral ventricle by the
septum pellucidum. The tail of the caudate nucleus forms the upper portion of the lateral edge, but it is not large enough to cover the whole boundary. Immediately below the tail of the caudate nucleus, the next portion of the lateral edge is formed by the comparatively narrow
stria terminalis, which sits upon the
superior thalamostriate vein. The main part of the
fornix of the brain forms the next narrow portion of the lateral boundary, which is completed medially by a
choroid plexus, which serves both ventricles.
Trigone of the lateral ventricle The trigone of the lateral ventricle is the area where the part of the body forms a junction with the inferior horn and the posterior horn. This area is referred to as the
atrium of the lateral ventricle, and is where the choroid plexus is enlarged as the
choroid glomus. As a triangular surface feature of the floor of this part of the lateral ventricle it is known as the
collateral trigone.
Posterior horn of the lateral ventricle The posterior horn of lateral ventricle, or
occipital horn, impinges into the
occipital lobe in a posterior direction, initially laterally but subsequently curving medially and lilting inferiorly on the lateral side. The tapetum of the
corpus callosum continues to form the roof, which due to the lilt is also the lateral edge. However, the posterior and anterior ends of the corpus callosum are characterized by tighter bundling, known as
forceps (due to the resulting shape), to curve around the central sulci; the edge of these
forceps form the upper part of the medial side of the posterior horn. The remainder of the medial edge of the ventricle is directly in contact with
white matter of the cortex of the occipital lobe.
Inferior horn of the lateral ventricle The inferior horn of the lateral ventricle, or
temporal horn, is the largest of the horns. It extends anteriorly from the atrium beneath the thalamus and terminates at the amygdala. The collateral eminence and hippocampus form the floor, which is separated from the hippocampus by a white matter layer called the alveus, whereas the roof is formed by the thalamus, the caudate nucleus, and tapetum. The stria terminalis forms the remainder of the roof, which is narrower than at the body, and the choroid plexus occupies the medial wall. The tapetum for the temporal lobe comprises the lateral boundary of the inferior horn, on its way to join the main tapetum above the body of the ventricle (passing over the caudate nucleus as it does so). The majority of the inferior horn's floor is formed by the
fimbria of the
hippocampus (from which the fornix emerges), and then, more anteriorly, by the hippocampus itself. As with the posterior horn, the remainder of the boundary (in this case, the lateral side of the floor) is directly in contact with the white matter of the surrounding lobe. ==Development==