Baillargeon was hired by the
Université de Montréal in 1994 and her research focused on the social history of women. She has published on the Sainte-Justine Hospital and infant mortality in Montreal in the early twentieth century and the
medicalization of
motherhood by institutions of the state and Church. According to Helene Charron, Baillargeon's work contributed significantly to the legitimization of gender as a lens of social history in Quebec and Canadian historian circles. Her 2019 book ''Repenser La Nation: l'histoire du suffrage feminin au Quebec
, (translated by Käthe Roth in the same year as To Be Equals in Our Own Country : Women and the Vote in Quebec''), provides a survey of the history of women's suffrage from Lower Canada to the late twentieth century. In a collaborative project with Josette Brun and Estelle Lebel of
Laval University, Baillargeon analyzed the feminist discourse within the television program ''
Femme d'aujourd'hui'' (1965-1982) broadcast by
Radio-Canada, particularly how the show approached salaried work by women. == Select publications ==