Indonesian Sea and Coast Guard Unit

Dutch colonial era During the Dutch colonial era, two agency of the colonial government called the Governments's Navy () and the Shipping Agency () was formed to protect the sea and coast of the Dutch East Indies. The two organisation was briefly dissolved in 1942 during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies in World War II. After the Surrender of Japan, the two organization was recreated to continue their main function. In 1947, at the midst of the Indonesian National Revolution, the two agency was merged becoming the Sea and Coast Guard Service (). In parallel to the Dutch agency, the Indonesian government who was then waging war against the Dutch formed their own organisation which has the same role as the Dutch Sea and Coast Guard called the Shipping Service of the Republic of Indonesia (). == Duties ==

Roles KPLP has the task of formulating and execute policies, standards, norms, guidelines, criteria and procedures, as well as technical guidance, evaluation and reporting on patrol and security, safety monitoring and Civil Service Investigator (PPNS), order of shipping, water, facilities and infrastructure of coastal and marine guarding. Function • Develop policy in the field of sea and coast guard, including but not limited to patrol and security, safety supervision and civil service investigator, order of voyage, handling of disaster and underwater work, facilities and infrastructure of coastal and sea guard; • Formulate standards, norms, guidelines, criteria and procedures in the field of sea and coast guard; • Provide technical guidance in the field of sea and coast guard; • Execute activity in the field of sea and coast guard. • Provide technical guidance Directorate General of Sea Transportation and the preparation and provide technical qualifications of human resources in the field of sea and coast guard. • Evaluate and report activity in the field of sea and coast guard. • Administrative affairs, personnel and household within Directorate. == Organisation structure ==

The KPLP Directorate is an Echelon II Unit under the Directorate General of Sea Transportation, Indonesian Ministry of Transportation. Therefore, they report directly to the Minister of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia. KPLP is also coordinate with other unit within Directorate General of Sea Transportation such as Technical Execution Unit () Marine and Coastal Protection Base () spread in Indonesia. The KPLP is governed directly through the Law Number 17 Year 2008 on the Sailing of Chapter XVII Articles 276- 281. • Directorate of Sea and Coast Guard • Sub-Directorate of Patrol and Security • Section of Patrol • Section of Security • Sub-Directorate of Safety and Civil Service Investigator • Section of Safety Monitoring • Section of Civil Service Investigator • Sub-Directorate of Order of Shipping • Section of Seaport Affairs • Section of Naval Accidents • Sub-Directorate Disaster Management and Underwater Service • Section of Disaster Management • Section of Underwater Service • Sub-Directorate of Facilities and Infrastructure • Section of Facilities and Infrastructure • Section of Ship Crewman • Sub-Division of Administration == Operation ==

• Enforcement of legislation in the field of shipping, • Investigation of the criminal act of shipping, • Supervision and control of salvage activities and underwater work, • Installation / exploration and exploitation of buildings above and below water, • Providing search and rescue assistance in the sea and fire prevention, • Security and supervision of navigation aids, • Prevention of pollution in sea and beach waters as well • Training of shipbuilding and installation Cooperation with other agencies KPLP is not associated with the Indonesian Maritime Security Agency (). While the former is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Transportation, the latter is under the jurisdiction of the Coordinating Ministry for Political, Legal, and Security Affairs. Both agencies however have similar roles and functions and often conduct joint operations and joint maneuvers and simulation exercises together. The KPLP is also not associated or part of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. They, however often conduct joint-exercise and joint-operations with the Indonesian Navy. == Facilities and equipment ==

Infrastructure Installations at Sea and Coast Guard Base consist of: • Patrol Boat • Dock; • Sea and Coast Guard Command and Communications Room • Workshop; • Dormitory and Operational House; • Water Bunkers; • Armory and Ammunition; • Warehouse Supplies; • Temporary Detention Room / Cells; • Generator Set; • Helipad; • Slip Way. Fleet According to Director of KPLP, as of May 2018, KPLP has: • 7 units of class 1 patrol boats. • 15 units of class 2 patrol boats • 59 units of class 3 patrol boats • 69 units of class 4 patrol boats • 245 units of class 5 patrol boats In order to support the scope of work with the development of new bases across Indonesia, KPLP will be strengthened with a range of patrol boats that match, both types of first class vessels and third class. In addition, the ships will be equipped with weaponry for the security of both personnel and even the fleet of bad possibilities while operating in the oceans. Shipbuilding plans until 2019 will build 100 units of first and third class vessels to be deployed throughout Indonesia for the reinforcement of existing vessels and refurbishment of ships. Minister of Transportation Ignasius Jonan is targeting for the next five years the Marine and Coastal Guard Organization (KPLP) has 500 patrol boats of various sizes. The government will also add about 100 units of first class patrol boats (about 60 meters in size) and 150-200 units for grade two to five (size 42 meters to smaller). A total of 400 units of ship KPLP class patrol IV and V will also be replaced from the previous fiber made into rigid inflatable boat. In addition it will expand the patrol area and also add more personnel. Identification The KPLP uniform is dark blue, darker than the Indonesian Navy uniform. If members are former Indonesian Navy personnel, they may retain their previous navy rank and specialty rating. All personnel use black beret with KPLP logo. Civil personnel wear the rank and insignia of their civil service grade. == Future ==

Separation from the Ministry of Transportation Based on Law No. 17/ 2008 on Shipping, mandated establishment of Sea and Coast Guard, a government agency that carries out the function of sea and coast guard and execute law and regulation related to sea and coast guard, the agency would be under the President's responsibility and will run operationally by the Minister. Government regulation regarding sea and coast guard which will define details and technical application should be issued. However, due to the debate and pros and cons, since 2008 until 2018, the government regulation has not been finalized and issued yet. This debate concerns the dilemma between the statute and harmonious or overlapping maritime patrols, oversight and law enforcement, which is also carried out by the Maritime Security Coordinating Board (which by the end of 2014 has become the Maritime Security Agency), Directorate General of Marine and Fisheries Resources Surveillance under Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries and several other institutions. Minister of Transportation Ignatius Jonan supported the creation of Maritime Security Agency, but rejected of a KPLP under Maritime Security Agency because of KPLP mandated by Law No. 17/ 2008 and KPLP is the agency recognized by IMO (International Maritime Organization). Minister Jonan also had proposed KPLP raised from Echelon II to Echelon I (Directorate General), although this reaped controversy from experts. In 2024, the third revision of this law further solidified KPLP's role as the sole coast guard authority, which created legal conflicts with the Maritime Security Agency, previously using the title "Indonesia Coast Guard" without legal recognition. This development has led to concerns about legal clarity and the effectiveness of Indonesia’s maritime law enforcement both domestically and in international collaborations. ==References==