Leafy seadragon

The generic name is derived from the Ancient Greek words φῦκος (phûkos) "seaweed", and δέρμα (dérma] "skin". == Description ==

Much like the seahorse, the leafy seadragon's name is derived from its resemblance to another creature (in this case, the mythical dragon). While not large, they are slightly larger than most seahorses, growing to about . They feed on plankton and small crustaceans. The lobes of skin that grow on the leafy seadragon provide camouflage, giving it the appearance of seaweed. It is able to maintain the illusion when swimming, appearing to move through the water like a piece of floating seaweed. It can also change colour to blend in, but this ability depends on the seadragon's diet, age, location, and stress level. The leafy seadragon is related to the pipefish and belongs to the family Syngnathidae, along with the seahorse. It differs from the seahorse in appearance, form of locomotion, and its inability to coil or grasp things with its tail. A related species is the weedy seadragon, which is multicoloured and grows weed-like fins, but is smaller than the leafy seadragon. Another unique feature is the small, circular gill openings covering tufted gills, very unlike the crescent-shaped gill openings and ridged gills of most fish species. ==Habitat and distribution==

The leafy seadragon is found only in southern Australian waters, from Wilson's Promontory in Victoria at the eastern end of its range, westward to Jurien Bay, north of Perth in Western Australia. Individuals were once thought to have very restricted ranges; but further research has discovered that seadragons actually travel several hundred metres from their habitual locations, returning to the same spot using a strong sense of direction. They are mostly found over sand patches in waters up to deep, around kelp-covered rocks and clumps of seagrass. ==Ecology==

Leafy seadragons usually live a solitary lifestyle. When the time comes, males court the females, they then pair up to breed. From the moment they hatch, leafy seadragons are completely independent. By the age of two years, they are typically full grown and ready to breed. The species feeds by sucking up small crustaceans, such as amphipods and mysid shrimp, plankton, and larval fish through its long, pipe-like snout. Movement The leafy seadragon uses the fins along the side of its head to allow it to steer and turn. However, its outer skin is fairly rigid, limiting mobility. Individual leafy seadragons have been observed remaining in one location for extended periods of time (up to 68 hours), but will sometimes move for lengthy periods. The tracking of one individual indicated it moved at up to per hour. ==Conservation==

Leafy seadragons are subject to many threats, both natural and man-made. They are caught by collectors, but unlike other syngnathid fish, are not used in alternative medicine. They are vulnerable when first born, and are slow swimmers, reducing their chance of escaping from a predator. Seadragons are sometimes washed ashore after storms. The species has become endangered through pollution and industrial runoff, as well as collection for the aquarium trade. In response to these dangers, the species has been totally protected in South Australia since 1987, Victoria since at least 1995, and Western Australia since 1991. Additionally, the species' listing in the Australian government's Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 means that the welfare of the species has to be considered as a part of any developmental project. ==In captivity==

Due to being protected by law, obtaining seadragons is often an expensive and difficult process as they must be from captive bred stock, and exporters must prove their broodstock were caught before collecting restrictions went into effect, or that they had a license to collect seadragons. Seadragons have a specific level of protection under federal fisheries legislation as well as in most Australian states where they occur. Australia Australian aquaria featuring leafy seadragons include the Sydney Aquarium, the Melbourne Aquarium, and the Aquarium of Western Australia. Canada Ripley's Aquarium of Canada in Toronto displays both leafy and weedy seadragons. South East Asia S.E.A. Aquarium, located in the Marine Life Park of Singapore, displays both leafy and weedy seadragons. United States A number of aquaria in the United States have leafy seadragon research programs or displays. Among these are the Adventure Aquarium in Camden, New Jersey; Aquarium of the Pacific at Long Beach; Birch Aquarium in San Diego; the Minnesota Zoo; Monterey Bay Aquarium; the Dallas World Aquarium & the Dallas Children's Aquarium, Dallas; the New England Aquarium, Boston; the Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium in Tacoma, Washington; the Newport Aquarium in Kentucky, the Shedd Aquarium, Chicago; the California Academy of Sciences; the Tennessee Aquarium; Sea World Orlando, Florida; the Pittsburgh Zoo & PPG Aquarium; Ripley's Aquarium of the Smokies, Gatlinburg, Tennessee; the Florida Aquarium in Tampa, Florida; the Mote Aquarium in Sarasota, Florida; and Ripley's Aquarium Broadway at Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. Europe The Lisbon Aquarium (Lisboa Oceanarium) has both leafy sea dragons and weedy sea dragons. ==Cultural references==

The leafy seadragon is the official marine emblem of the state of South Australia. It is also featured in the logos of the Adelaide University Scuba Club Inc. and the Marine Life Society of South Australia Inc., two South Australian associations. A biennial Leafy Sea Dragon Festival is held within the boundaries of the District Council of Yankalilla in South Australia. It is a festival of the environment, arts and culture of the Fleurieu Peninsula, with the theme of celebrating the leafy seadragon. The inaugural festival in 2005 attracted over 7,000 participants including 4000 visitors. In 2006, an animated short film, The Amazing Adventures of Gavin, a Leafy Seadragon, was made on behalf of several South Australian organisations involved in conserving the marine environment, including the Coast Protection Board, the Department of Environment and Heritage and the Marine Discovery Centre. Made through a collaboration of The People's Republic of Animation, Waterline Productions and the SA Film Corporation, the film is an introductory guide to marine conservation and the marine bioregions of South Australia suitable for 8–12 year olds, and copies were distributed on DVD to all primary schools in the State. An educator's resource kit to accompany the film was released in 2008. The Pokémon species Dragalge, introduced in the series' 6th generation and the Pokémon X & Y games, appears to be based on a leafy seadragon. ==See also==