Laughingthrush

They are small to medium-sized birds. They have strong legs, and many are quite terrestrial. They typically have generalised bills, similar to those of a thrush. Most have predominantly brown plumage, with minimal difference between the sexes, but many more brightly coloured species also exist. This group is not strongly migratory, and most species have short rounded wings, and a weak flight. They live in lightly wooded or scrubland environments, ranging from swamp to near-desert. They are primarily insectivorous, although many will also take berries, and the larger species will even eat small lizards and other vertebrates. ==Taxonomy==

The family Leiothrichidae was introduced (as a subfamily Leiotrichanae) by the English naturalist William Swainson in 1832. A comprehensive molecular phylogenetic study of the family published in 2018 led to substantial revision of the taxonomic classification. The laughingthrushes in the genus Garrulax were found to belong to three separate clades that had diverged in the Miocene 7–9 million year ago. The genus was therefore split with Garrulax restricted to one clade and the genera Pterorhinus and Ianthocincla resurrected for the other two clades. The genus Turdoides was also split and species moved into the resurrected genus Argya. In a separate change, the crocias were moved to the genus Laniellus Swainson, 1832 which has priority over Crocias Temminck, 1836. The cladogram below showing the phylogenetic relationship of the Leiothrichidae to other families is based on a study of the babblers by Tianlong Cai and collaborators published in 2019. }} The cladogram below shows the phylogenetic relationships between the genera in the family Leiothrichidae based on a study by Alice Cibois and collaborators published in 2018. |1= |2= }} }} }} }} }} ==List of genera==

The family contains 143 species in 17 genera: • Alcippe – fulvettas (10 species) • Grammatoptila – striated laughingthrush • Cutia – cutias (2 species) • Laniellus – crocias (2 species) • Trochalopteron – laughingthrushes (19 species) • Actinodura – barwings and minlas (9 species) • Montecincla – laughingthrushes (4 species) • Minla – red-tailed minla • Leioptila – rufous-backed sibia • Leiothrix – (2 species) • Liocichla – liocichlas (5 species) • Heterophasia – sibias (7 species) • Argya – mainly babblers (16 species); previous placed in Turdoides • Turdoides – babblers (19 species) • Garrulax – laughingthrushes (14 species) • Ianthocincla – laughingthrushes (8 species); previously placed in Garrulax • Pterorhinus – laughingthrushes and babaxes (23 species); previously placed in Garrulax ==References==