Service Initially serving with the
Imperial Russian Army, in November 1918 he joined the Polish forces. In the
Polish-Bolshevik War of 1919-1920 he commanded the
Polish 13th Infantry Brigade. In 1919 he was promoted to the rank of
Generał brygady (Brigadier general). After the
Peace of Riga he remained in active service and, until 1927, served as a commanding officer of the
Brześć Fortified Area. In April 1927, he retired from active service.
Katyń massacre After the
Invasion of Poland in 1939 he was arrested by the
NKVD and imprisoned in
Soviet Union. Interned in the
Starobielsk concentration camp, he was murdered in
Kharkiv in April 1940, at the age of seventy, during the
Katyń massacre. Among the Katyn victims were 14 Polish generals including
Bronisław Bohaterewicz,
Xawery Czernicki (admiral),
Stanisław Haller, Aleksander Kowalewski,
Henryk Minkiewicz,
Kazimierz Orlik-Łukoski,
Konstanty Plisowski,
Rudolf Prich (murdered in
Lviv), Franciszek Sikorski,
Leonard Skierski,
Piotr Skuratowicz,
Mieczysław Smorawiński and
Alojzy Wir-Konas (promoted posthumously). ==References==