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Leon C. Weiss

Leon Charles Weiss (1882–1953) was an architect in the 20th century who designed various public buildings in Louisiana and Mississippi, especially during the 1930s. Many of Weiss's notable designs were commissioned by populist politician Huey Long and financed by the Public Works Administration. Although he designed in various architectural styles, many of his projects are considered to be PWA Moderne.

Early life and education
Weiss was born in Farmerville, Louisiana, on December 10, 1882. His father, Theodore Weiss, was an immigrant from the Alsace region of Europe, while his mother, Lena Weiss (née Silverstein), was from New Orleans. Weiss was educated in the New Orleans public schools, and he subsequently earned a bachelor's degree in engineering technology in 1903 at Tulane University. He remained as an instructor at Tulane, while completing a master's degree there in 1905. ==Architectural career==
Architectural career
Following completion of his master's degree, Weiss began an architectural practice with Keenan & Weiss until 1912, partnering with Walter Cook Keenan. After that, Weiss was in solo architectural practice. As of 1914, Weiss's architectural office was located in Suite 621 in the historic Maison Blanche Building in New Orleans. Later, his office was located at 611 Common Street in New Orleans. Weiss was a member of the American Institute of Architects. The firm then reorganized and continued operation without Weiss's involvement designing buildings such as the Gem Theater. Weiss's designs, and those of his firm, were of various styles. These included Spanish Colonial Revival and Bauhaus Modern. However, their modern designs were generally more muted than what were common among European modern designs of the time. Because many of their projects were financed by the Public Works Administration, the designs show elements of Beaux Arts classicism and Art Deco, in what is often referred to as PWA Moderne. After Huey Long became governor of Louisiana in 1928, Weiss, Dreyfous and Seiferth were awarded many architectural design contracts for public buildings in Louisiana. This connection came about as Weiss had met Long in 1928 and subsequently his firm supported Long as he went through impeachment proceedings in 1929. Long had a vision of modernizing Louisiana, which included extensive building projects. Long needed suitable architecture for this purpose. State government office buildings In 1930, then Governor Huey Long commissioned Weiss and his architectural firm to design a new state capitol building for Louisiana. While not specifying the design, Long desired a skyscraper with suitable artwork to depict the history of Louisiana. The new capitol building opened in 1932 at a cost of $5 million, in an art deco design. The building is 430 feet tall with 34 storys and was then the tallest building in the southern United States. The building, though monumental, is somewhat inefficient in that the floor space of individual storys is in many cases too small to accommodate a state agency, necessitating that various agencies be spread out in the capitol building. However, it centralized executive agencies in one location for efficiency gain. The building includes statues, frescoes, bronzes, and other artworks with historic symbolism. Symbolically, the building shows dominance of the executive branch of the Louisiana State Government over the other branches. The Louisiana State Capitol building has some resemblance to the Nebraska State Capitol building which was completed a few years before, in 1930, and is slightly smaller. College campuses Huey Long was committed to expanding the state university system in Louisiana, beyond the original design of architect Theodore C. Link. As Weiss, Dreyfous and Seiferth's relationship with the Long political machine solidified, the firm received many design contracts for colleges and universities in Louisiana during the 1930s. The main campus of Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge went through significant expansion with funding supplemented by the Public Works Administration. Weiss's firm designed various academic buildings, dormitories, and athletic facilities for the campus. Additionally, Long wanted the swimming pool at the university's Huey P. Long Field House to be the largest swimming pool in the United States. To that end, Weiss's design for the facility included a swimming pool that was one foot longer than the next longest swimming pool in the United States at the time. Weiss and his architectural firm was to receive a 6% fee for their design. However, the original cost estimate of $8 million rose to $12.5 million. The PWA declined to pay a larger fee based on the higher cost, taking the position that all the architectural work was done before construction costs increased. The state government of Louisiana made up the difference. In the vernacular of the state employees, "de ducks were flying". The sculptor Alférez later alleged that Weiss frequently asked for more money to pay political debts of then Governor Richard W. Leche, who was part of the Huey Long political machine. He also contended that Weiss inappropriately compromised in implementation of the hospital design for the purposes of obtaining money to pay political debts. None of the allegations were confirmed in subsequent investigations by authorities. ==Scandal==
Scandal
In 1939, a grand jury in East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, indicted Weiss on charges of aiding and abetting embezzlement by the former president of Louisiana State University. The fraudulent payment to Weiss's firm was for $27,000. The defendants in the case were Weiss, his architectural partners Dreyfous and Seiferth, then former Louisiana governor Richard W. Leche, and Monte E. Hart, who was a contractor in the building project at Louisiana Tech University. Weiss was subsequently convicted of federal mail fraud charges and sentenced to serve at the United States Penitentiary, Atlanta. He was imprisoned from 1942 to 1944, serving 2 years of the 5-year sentence. The incident was part of the "Louisiana Hayride Scandals". Following his release from prison, Weiss formed an architectural practice with Edward B. Silverstein in New Orleans. Weiss's most significant design after returning to architectural practice was an expansion of the Jung Hotel in the early 1950s. ==Personal life==
Personal life
On December 30, 1908, Weiss married Berta Evelyn Hirsh of Vicksburg, Mississippi. They had a son Theodore Joseph Weiss, born on November 29, 1909. The other daughter was Elizabeth Jane Weiss Parnes (1928-2008). His son was Leon Charles Weiss Jr. (1934-2009). Weiss designed his own home, which was located at 7425 Dominican Street in New Orleans. The home remained in the Weiss family until 1997. For many years, Weiss and his family also maintained a vacation home on the north shore of Lake Pontchartrain along the Tchefuncte River, the home being called "Kiskatom". Weiss died of heart disease on April 1, 1953. ==Gallery==
Gallery
File:Old Louisiana Governor's Mansion, January 2013 2.jpg|Louisiana Governor's Mansion, as designed by Weiss File:Huey P. Long Field House (Baton Rouge, LA).jpg|Huey P. Long Field House, on the main campus of Louisiana State University File:CharityHospital3.jpg|Charity Hospital, as seen in 2005 after Hurricane Katrina File:HancockCountyCourthouse14Sept07.jpg|Hancock County Courthouse in Bay St. Louis, Mississippi, as seen in 2007 File:StBernardParishCthouseJan07.jpg|St. Bernard Parish Courthouse as seen in 2007 File:New Orleans postcard Jung Hotel.jpg|Postcard of the Jung Hotel in New Orleans, circa 1950 File:CanalSt3Oct07WalgreenNeon1.jpg|Walgreens Drugstore on Canal Street in New Orleans File:Elks Club, Vicksburg, Miss. (12777779594).jpg|Elks Club in Vicksburg, Mississippi File:ShushanAirportAdminBldgCard.jpg|Administration Building at New Orleans Lakefront Airport File:Louisiana State Capitol Top.jpg|Closeup of the cupola and beacon on the Louisiana State Capitol building File:Long Statue.jpg|Statue of Huey P. Long in front of the Louisiana State Capitol building ==References==
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