Leonardo was started in Florence in January 1903.{{cite journal|author=Anna Baldini|title=Allies and Enemies: Periodicals as Instruments of Conflict in the Florentine Avant-garde (1903–15)|journal=Journal of European Periodical Studies|year=2018|volume=3|issue=1 The front page of the first issue contained a synthetic program which indicated the stance of the contributors, namely
personalism and
idealism. They regarded themselves as being superior to any system and to every limit.{{cite journal
Leonardo was closed by Giovanni Papini and Giuseppe Prezzolini in 1907 due to the fact that it was becoming a commercial and mainstream publication because of its popularity and success. ==References==