During the winter of 1954–1955, William Shockley decided to seek a sponsor to help him establish production of complex transistors and his own
Shockley diodes. He was initially supported by
Raytheon, but the agreement was soon canceled by that company. After Shockley subsequently established
Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory under the umbrella of
Beckman Instruments, he recruited
William W. Happ who he knew from Raytheon. Shockley's other three initial recruits were
George Smoot Horsley both of whom he knew from
Bell Labs, and
Richard Victor Jones, He also brought lists of equipment suppliers from his prior employer,
Pacific Semiconductors. Valdes, however, clashed with Shockley early on because, according to Jones, he felt he knew more than Shockley about semiconductors; he ultimately left the company after about a year. In 1961, Valdes published a 370-page book
The Physical Theory of Transistors which is cited in university level textbooks. == References ==