Lepraria chileana is a species of leprose lichen-forming fungus in the family Stereocaulaceae. It was described as a new species in 2021 by Felix Grewe, Alejandrina Bárcenas-Peña, Rudy Díaz, and H. Thorsten Lumbsch. The species epithet refers to Chile, the country where it was collected. In the authors' phylogenetic analysis, Lepraria nivalis was recovered as the closest relative of L. chileana.