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Les conteuses

Les conteuses were a group of French female authors active between 1690 and 1709 who wrote nearly two-thirds of the more than one hundred fairy tales published by French authors during this time. This group was composed of more than thirteen women, including Marie-Catherine d'Aulnoy, Marie-Jeanne L'Héritier, Catherine Bernard, Henriette-Julie de Murat, Charlotte-Rose de Caumont de La Force, and Catherine Durand. Although some speculation exists regarding their personal and professional relationships, these women maintained familiarity through their similar social statuses, frequent participation in French literary society, and interactions within their literature.

History
Some speculation exists regarding les conteuses’ personal and professional relationships. This was a period in France where fairy tales were not completely controlled by male authors, directly contrasting with other countries at the time. The new genre of fairy tales, as introduced by Marie-Catherine d'Aulonoy, allowed women to exercise more freedom than would be expected, and therefore grow in prominence. As Lewis C. Seifert put it, "Here was a (rare) literary movement dominated by women writers..." Primarily created and led by women in the seventeenth century, these hubs challenged social structures, especially courtly ideals and the concept of nobility. By the eighteenth century, these salons evolved to center around Enlightenment instead of nobility. Coupled with their female-led inheritance and the gathering of sexes within one discussion-focused space, French salons of the eighteenth century were prime spaces for artists such as les conteuses to participate and benefit from challenges to social norms, namely their ability to produce and publish their own work. This primed les conteuses to become what Elizabeth Harries refers to them as the “original” fairy-tale writers. In her book Twice Upon a Time: Women Writers and the History of the Fairy Tale, she theorizes about the appropriation of fairy tales published by members of les conteuses by male authors of the period, and how the process has confused the history of the origin of fairy tales. == Significant themes ==
Significant themes
Les conteuses portrayed love differently from the traditional techniques of other French fairy tales, depicting the emotion as complex, with multiple possible outcomes, not all of them happy. Les conteuses also challenged gender expectations by portraying female characters who cross-dressed or otherwise fluctuated from gender performance. For example, in Belle-Belle, ou le chevalier Fortuné by Marie-Catherine d'Aulnoy, the main character, along with her sisters, cross-dress as men in order to join the royal army. The tale ends positively for the main character, calling into question subjects such as power, gender, and responsibility. Other examples, such as Henriette-Julie de Murat's Le Sauvage, or Marie-Jeanne L'hériter's Marmoisan, further strengthen this trope of cross-dressing. == Notable members ==
Notable members
Marie-Catherine d'Aulnoy Marie-Catherine d'Aulnoy published the first French-style fairy tale, "L'île de la Félicité," in her novel ''L'Histoire d'Hypolite, comte de Douglas''. By doing this, scholars agree that she both introduced the fairy tale and initiated a publication technique that would become popular in France, in which multiple tales are combined within a larger narrative. == Academic study ==
Academic study
In 2025, author Jane Harrington wrote biographies of the seven conteuses' lives and retold thirteen of their fairy tales in her book titled Women of the Fairy Tale Resistance: The Forgotten Founding Mothers of the Fairy Tale and the Stories That They Spun. == References ==
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