LHCf experiment

The LHCf is intended to measure the energy and numbers of neutral pions () produced by the collider. This will hopefully help explain the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). Detecting UHECRs is performed through observations of secondary particle showers produced when a UHECR interacts with the atmosphere. The LHCf experiment is designed to measure the very-forward region, where most of the energy flow of secondary particles is contained. == Experimental setup ==

The LHCf setup consists of two independent detectors on either side of the LHC, both 140 m from the ATLAS interaction point. The detectors are referred to as Arm 1 and Arm 2 and are installed inside target neutral absorbers (TAN), which protect cryo-magnets from neutral particle debris from the interaction region. The two detectors have a common structure of two independent calorimeter towers, for photon and neutron measurements. The towers are made from tungsten absorber layers and scintillator layers, with a difference in the size of transverse sections for the two arms. The energy resolution for the detectors is over 3% for photons above 100 GeV and around 40% for neutrons. == Results ==

The first phase of data using the LHCf detectors was recorded in 2009–2013, as part of the LHC's Run 1. The LHCf results at 7 TeV centre-of-mass energy showed good agreement with theoretical models for forward photon and neutral pion production. However, the results did not agree for the forward neutron production. LHCf was able to measure how the number of forward photons and neutrons varies with energy at new high energies. The results of the experiment agree with some theoretical models but disagree with other. The current focus of the LHCf is to look out for neutral kaons and neutral eta mesons, particles that include a strange quark. The theoretical models describing this interaction predict secondary muons, but the predicted numbers disagree with experimental data. The LHCf experiment hopes to resolve the "muon puzzle". == References ==