Li Minhua

Li was born on 2 November 1917 in Wu County (now Suzhou), Jiangsu, China. She graduated from Wu Pen Girls' School in Shanghai and was admitted to Tsinghua University in 1935. After the Second Sino-Japanese War broke out in 1937, Tsinghua and several other universities evacuated Beijing and moved south to Kunming, Yunnan Province, where they combined their diminished resources to form the temporary National Southwestern Associated University (Lianda). Deeply affected by Japanese aggression, Li chose to study aeronautical engineering in order to contribute to China's national defense. She was among the first class of students to graduate from Lianda's Department of Aeronautical Engineering in 1940, and was hired as a faculty member by the university. ==Career in the United States==

In 1944, Li and Wu went to the United States to study at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Li studied mechanical engineering, while Wu specialized in the internal combustion engine. She gave birth to two sons while at MIT, and the couple took turns looking after the children. After graduation from MIT, Li and Wu both joined the Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA, the predecessor of NASA) as research scientists. She published several NACA reports, and was elected to the Sigma Xi honor society. With the outbreak of the Korean War, relations between the US and the newly established People's Republic of China turned openly hostile, and Li and Wu decided they could no longer work for the US military. They resigned from NACA and became professors at the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn in 1951. In 1954, they resolved to return to China. To avoid suspicion of the US government, the family flew to Britain in August ostensibly for a vacation. From there they traveled through Switzerland and Austria to Czechoslovakia, finally arriving in Beijing at the end of the year via the Soviet Union. == Career in China ==

Back in China, Li and Wu were received personally by Premier Zhou Enlai. She joined the Institute of Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), which was being established by Qian Xuesen and Qian Weichang, and served as head of the plasticity group, one of the four research groups under the institute. In 1959, she led a team that designed China's first instantaneous heat load testing system for the satellite carrier rocket. In the 1970s, she developed a method to analyze defects in aerospace turbomachinery, and won the 1978 Major Achievement Award from the CAS. Her research on engine defects led to her later focus on material fatigue, which she extensively researched until she was in her eighties. Starting in 1982, she organized a biennial national conference on material fatigue. Li died on 19 January 2013, at the age of 95. == References ==