Note: The sign ⇒ denotes another party in this scheme.
Precursors • 1822:
Ionică Tăutu, representing a group of low-ranking
boyars in
Moldavia, proposed a constitutional project with republican and liberal principles • 1834:
Ion Câmpineanu leads the liberal opposition to
Russian influence in
Wallachia's
National Assembly • 1840:
Mitică Filipescu led a radical,
carbonari-inspired
conspiracy in Wallachia • 1840:
Mihail Kogălniceanu published the short-lived
Dacia Literară, a
Romantic nationalist and liberal magazine, engendering a
literary society • 1843:
Nicolae Bălcescu and others led the
Frăţia radical conspiracy in Wallachia • 1845: Radical students from both Wallachia and Moldavia founded
Societatea Studenţilor Români (the "Society of Romanian Students") in Paris • 1848: The unsuccessful
Moldavian revolution, during which Moldavian liberals issued a
Petition-Proclamation • 1848: The liberal-minded
Blaj Assemblies in
Transylvania, in the context of
revolutions inside the Austrian Empire • 1848: The
Wallachian revolution – liberals formed a Provisional Government in
Bucharest, and were divided over the issue of
land reform, with a radical current forming around Bălcescu • 1856: The liberal current formed the majority in
Partida Naţională, a loose group supporting the union of the
Danubian Principalities • 1859: After the union, liberals formed a distinct faction in the
Parliament of Romania • 1864:
Domnitor Alexandru Ioan Cuza established a personal regime, in order to pass liberal legislation against mounting opposition • 1866: Mainstream liberals supported Cuza's removal from the throne; a faction of the liberal current opposed to the
new constitution formed the Moldavian-based
Fracţiunea liberă şi independentă, influenced by
Simion Bărnuțiu and led by
Nicolae Ionescu National Liberal Party (PNL) • 1875: The liberal current organised itself in the
National Liberal Party (
Partidul Naţional-Liberal), led by
Ion Brătianu • 1884: A faction formed the Radical Party, led by
C.A. Rosetti and
George Panu • 1899: The National Liberal Party absorbs the right wing of the
Romanian Social-Democratic Workers' Party • 1918: The
Peasants' Party absorbs a left-wing tendency in the National Liberal Party formed around
Constantin Stere • 1929: A faction formed the ⇒ National Liberal Party-Brătianu • 1931: A faction formed the Liberal Democratic Party, which remained unsuccessful. The same year a majority of the Brătianu party returned in the National Liberal Party • 1938: The rest of the Brătianu party returned in the National Liberal Party • 1938: The party is banned by
King Carol II • 1944: The party resumed its activities • 1944: A faction formed the ⇒ National Liberal Party-Tătărescu • 1947: The Brătianu faction dissolves itself
National Liberal Party-Brătianu (PNL-B) • 1929: A breakaway faction of the ⇒ National Liberal Party (PNL) formed the
National Liberal Party–Brătianu (), supporting
Gheorghe I. Brătianu as its president; • 1931: Most of the party returned to the ⇒ National Liberal Party (PNL); • 1938: The party reunited with the ⇒ National Liberal Party (PNL).
National Liberal Party–Tătărescu (PNL-T) • 1944: A faction of the ⇒ National Liberal Party (PNL) formed the
National Liberal Party–Tătărescu (, PNL-T) which was presided initially by former Prime Minister and PNL member
Gheorghe Tătărescu (who was also previously a member of the
National Renaissance Front, FRN) and then, subsequently, by
Petre Bejan towards the end of its political existence; • 1946: The party ran in that
year's Romanian general election with the
Romanian Communist Party (PCR) and the
Ploughmen's Front (FP), being part of the
People's Democratic Front (, FDP) which at that time ran as the
Bloc of Democratic Parties (, BPD). The election was fraudulently won by the Communists. The party was briefly part of the Communist-dominated governmental coalition led by
Petru Groza between 1946 until 1947; • 1948: The party decided to ran separately in that
year's Romanian legislative election, in opposition towards the Bloc of Democratic Parties (BPD). It entered the
unicameral Parliament (or, as it was now back then, the
Great National Assembly) with a very feeble number of elected representatives, more specifically 7. For that year's legislative election, the party leadership switched from Tătărescu to Bejan and remained as such during the upcoming years; • 1950: The party ceased its political activity.
Reconstituted National Liberal Party (PNL) • 1990:
A party claiming the National Liberal legacy is founded by
Radu Câmpeanu • 1990: A youth faction of the National Liberal Party formed the ⇒ Liberal Party Youth Wing • 1991: A faction formed the ⇒ National Liberal Party-Democratic Convention • 1995: The ⇒ Liberal party 1993 merged into the National Liberal Party, the ⇒ National Liberal Party-Câmpeanu seceded from the party • 1998: The party absorbed the ⇒ Civic Alliance Party • 2002: The Alliance for Romania (
Alianţa pentru România) merged into the National Liberal Party • 2003: The Union of Right-Wing Forces (
Uniunea Forţelor de Dreapta) and the ⇒ National Liberal Party-Câmpeanu merged into the party
From National Liberal Party Youth Wing (PNL-AT) to Liberal Party 1993 (PL '93) • 1990: A youth faction of the ⇒ National Liberal Party (PNL) formed the
National Liberal Party Youth Wing (, PNL-AT) in opposition to then leadership of the party which was presided by
Radu Câmpeanu; • 1992: The party was renamed
Liberal Party () and was led by
Horia Rusu; • 1993: The Liberal Party merged with the ⇒ National Liberal Party-Democratic Convention (PNL-CD) and the
Group for Moral and Political Reforms into the
Liberal Party 1993 (, PL '93), joined by a faction of the ⇒ Civic Alliance Party (PAC); • 1995: The party merged into the ⇒ National Liberal Party (PNL).
Civic Alliance Party (PAC) • 1991: A section of the
Civic Alliance (PAC) non-governmental organization established the
Civic Alliance Party (), led by
Nicolae Manolescu; • 1993: A faction joined the ⇒
Liberal Party 1993; • 1998: The party merged into the ⇒ National Liberal Party (PNL).
National Liberal Party-Democratic Convention (PNL-CD) • 1991: A faction of the ⇒ National Liberal Party (PNL) formed the
National Liberal Party-Democratic Convention (, PNL-CD), in opposition to
Radu Câmpeanu, then incumbent PNL president, who withdrew the party from the
Romanian Democratic Convention (CDR) shortly before the
1992 Romanian general election; • 1993: The party merged into the ⇒
Liberal Party 1993.
National Liberal Party-Câmpeanu (PNL-C) • 1995: A faction of the ⇒ National Liberal Party (PNL) centered around former PNL president,
Provisional Council of National Unity (CPUN) vice-president, and Senate vice-president
Radu Câmpeanu formed the
National Liberal Party-Câmpeanu (, PNL-C); • 2003: The party merged into the ⇒ National Liberal Party (PNL).
Alliance for Romania (ApR) • 1997: A faction of the ⇒
Party for Social Democracy of Romania (PDSR) formed the
Alliance for Romania (, ApR) presided by former
FDSN Minister of Foreign Affairs Teodor Meleșcanu; • 2002: The party merged into the ⇒ National Liberal Party (PNL).
Democratic Liberal Party (PDL) • 1990: The
National Salvation Front (FSN) was founded; • 1992: Conflict broke between FSN leaders
Ion Iliescu and
Petre Roman which led to the break-away of the wing supporting Iliescu known as the
Democratic National Salvation Front (FDSN); • 1993: Under the leadership of former FSN Prime Minister Petre Roman, the FSN changed its name to the
Democratic Party (PD), adopting
social democracy and
social liberalism as main ideologies; • 2004: The National Liberal Party (PNL) and Democratic Party (PD) formed the ⇒
Justice and Truth Alliance (DA) and joined a government coalition after the
2004 legislative and presidential elections; • 2005: PD abandons
social democracy and
social liberalism in favour of
social conservatism and
neoliberalism; • 2006: The Justice and Truth Alliance (DA) was disbanded and a faction of the National Liberal Party (PNL) formed the ⇒
Liberal Democratic Party (, PLD) presided by former PNL president and former FSN Prime Minister
Theodor Stolojan; • 2007: The Liberal Democratic Party (PLD) merged with the Democratic Party (PD) and formed ⇒ the Democratic Liberal Party (PDL); • 2014: The Democratic Liberal Party (PDL) merged into the ⇒ National Liberal Party (PNL).
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats (ALDE) • 2014: A faction of the ⇒ National Liberal Party (PNL) formed the
Liberal Reformist Party (, PLR); • 2015: The Liberal Reformist Party (PLR) merged into the
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats (, ALDE); • 2022: The party merged into ⇒ National Liberal Party (PNL).
Force of the Right (FD) • 2021: A faction of the ⇒ National Liberal Party (PNL) led by former
Prime Minister and PNL president
Ludovic Orban formed the
Force of the Right ('''', FD) in opposition to current PNL presidency officially led by
Ilie Bolojan. == Presidents of the National Liberal Party (1875–present) ==