Lincoln Park (Cincinnati)

Lincoln Park was located in the current parking lot and entrance drive of Cincinnati Union Terminal, directly east of the structure. The area was originally part of Cincinnati's Ward 16, later the West End neighborhood, and it later became part of the Queensgate neighborhood. It had similar boundaries to Union Terminal's grounds - Kenner Street to the north, Hopkins Street to the south, Freeman Avenue to the east, and Hoefer Street to the west (now approximately where the rail yard lies behind the terminal). ==Attributes==

The park had at different times in its history, and included a public green, a manmade lake for boating and fishing, a sunken garden and grotto, a playground and wading pool, a small island with a decorative gazebo, numerous park benches, brick walkways, and an exterior fence. Musicians would often perform in the gazebo, and Cincinnati residents would gather on the lake's banks to listen. In the wintertime, the lake was often used for ice skating. The park had several shelter houses, including a small building built in 1892. Beginning in 1914, the park had a large shelter house, a two-story brick building with a large social room, dressing rooms, men's and women's restrooms, a tool room, store room, and storage space. ==History==

Cincinnati Township first acquired the land in 1829, sold by J.D. Garrard and Sarah Bella Garrard for $2,000. The township exchanged the land to the city of Cincinnati for Out Lot No. 53 in two stages; the land is currently occupied by the Cincinnati Music Hall. The first exchange was for six acres in 1834, and its second was for four acres in 1837. The site had an asylum for orphans in its northwest corner. During the land exchange, the orphanage was relocated to the outlot, while the building itself began being used as a pest house. The land became known as Potter's Field, as it was made into a potter's field for about 20 years, a public burial ground for lower-income, abandoned, and unclaimed residents of Cincinnati. In 1857, upset property owner complaints resulted in the potter's field and pest house moving outside city limits and the space becoming a park. The park, first known as West End Park, was first landscaped in June 1858, after the buried were relocated to a cemetery elsewhere, likely Price Hill Potter's Field. Around 1865, the park was renamed Lincoln Park, after the recently assassinated President Abraham Lincoln. Around 1872, citizens pushed for the addition of 27 acres to Lincoln Park, noting it as an "oasis in the desert of bricks", heavily used by residents in need of parks in walking distance from their homes. In 1873, Cincinnati parks landscape architect Adolph Strauch improved the park, adding its miniature lake, small waterfall, island, and grotto, introducing the park's rare birds, and planting gardens and new trees. These picturesque elements were more common in eighteenth-century English gardens. In 1892, Cincinnati's Board of Park Commissioners constructed a shelter house, which included a "refreshment room" and an office and workshop for the park's foreman. In 1893, the average weekly park attendance was 30,000 people from May to September, with 10,000 per week in the remaining months. In 1914, a new shelter house was constructed, a two-story brick building with a large social room, dressing rooms, men's and women's restrooms, a tool room, store room, and storage space. Lincoln Park was instead remodeled in 1932 from its lush foliage, lake, and gazebo to simply have grass lawns and pleasant landscaping. The relandscaping included elms and sycamore tree borders, with flower beds in the central strip. When relandscaped, the terminal lawn, still sometimes known as Lincoln Park, measured , Desmond was a lawyer and militia captain killed during the Cincinnati riots of 1884. His statue was originally placed in the park, though it was moved when Lincoln Park was relandscaped to become part of the new Union Terminal. It was relocated to Washington Park, though it eventually was moved to the lobby of the Hamilton County Courthouse, the successor to the building Desmond died defending. The statue is massive, and depicts Desmond holding an American flag. Lincoln monument In 1866, Thomas White of T. White & Son Marble Works designed a marble statue of Lincoln to be placed in the park. Although stated to cost $10,000, he offered it for free, though if allowed to call upon Cincinnati residents to contribute in reimbursing him for his effort. The monument was originally intended as a 25-foot-tall elaborately ornamented temple, with Greek and Gothic influences, decorated columns supporting a roof, with the bust of Lincoln placed in the center of the structure. Adolph Strauch selected a site by the lake, allowing for a reflection. The monument and bust were to be of white Italian marble, with a base of Quincy granite. Two marble lions were at its base, and a sculptured bird was placed on top. A dispute arose over whether the monument was a donation, and thus the marble company removed the monument during the night, in 1872. The Lincoln bust later shattered. Baseball park The Lincoln Park Grounds or Union Grounds was an adjacent baseball field, removed for installation of Union Terminal's headhouse and plaza. The baseball park was built for the Union Cricket Club, and was used by the Cincinnati Base Ball Club for a few seasons in 1860. ==References==