Russian relations with Luxembourg date back into the nineteenth century, when as part of the
Concert of Europe, the
Russian Empire was one of the signatories to the
Treaty of London in 1867, making it one of the guarantors of the borders of the Grand Duchy and its neutrality. Formal diplomatic relations were established in 1891, and after the
Russian Revolution in 1917 and the emergence of the
Soviet Union, an exchange of diplomats was agreed in 1935. Relations were interrupted for a time by the
Second World War, during which time
Luxembourg was occupied by Axis forces. Following the
German invasion of Luxembourg on 10 May 1940, a
Luxembourg government in exile was established in London. On 13 October 1942 the , , was accredited to the Luxembourg government in exile. Relations were restored in 1946, albeit with a non-resident ambassador, Soviet affairs prior to 1956 being handled by the
ambassador to Belgium, who had
dual accreditation. It was not until late 1960 that the mission was upgraded to the level of an embassy, with appointed as ambassador on 28 June 1961. With the
dissolution of the Soviet Union at the end of 1991, the Russian Federation emerged as the Soviet Union's legal successor. The incumbent ambassador of the Soviet Union to Luxembourg,
Chinghiz Aitmatov, continued as representative of Russia until 1994. ==List of representatives (1936–present) ==