List of governments in exile during World War II

Many European governments relocated to London during the period of Axis occupation, while other organizations were established in Australia and the United States to oppose occupation by Japan. The following list includes exiled colonial governments alongside those of sovereign nations, as well as resistance groups organized abroad that did not claim the full sovereignty of a government in exile. == Axis-aligned wartime governments ==

The Axis powers hosted governments-in-exile in their territory. Most belonged to Axis-sponsored puppet regimes whose territory came under Allied occupation late in the war. The purpose of many of these organizations was to recruit and organize military units composed of their nationals in the host country. == Governments of the Baltic States ==

In the aftermath of the occupation of the Baltic states by the Soviet Union, all three republics established some form of government in exile. These organizations persisted after the war as the territories were annexed to the USSR. They played a role in maintaining the State continuity of the Baltic states during the period of Soviet control. == Governments already in exile at the start of the war ==

These exiled regimes were operating at the start of World War II and involved themselves in the conflict to varying degrees. } Soviet Union • (1941–1944)}} | President: | The Belarusian People's Republic was formed in 1918 and its Rada went into exile in 1919 during the Polish–Soviet War. The Rada opposed the Belarusian Central Council, which collaborated with the German occupation. It left Prague when Soviet forces approached the city. The Rada is based in Toronto, the oldest current government in exile. | | Bath | 2 May 1936 | 18 January 1941 | | | The Emperor went into exile on 2 May 1936 during the Italian invasion of Ethiopia and soon settled in England. He coordinated with the Allies and joined the East African Campaign. In 1941, he returned to Ethiopia alongside British forces. | Government of the Democratic Republic of Georgia in Exile | Leuville-sur-Orge | 18 March 1921 | 5 June 1954 | Soviet Union | President Noe Zhordania | Formed after the Soviet invasion of Georgia of 1921, the government had lost diplomatic recognition by France and the League of Nations in 1933. Zhordania remained the acknowledged leader of the Georgian community in France and continued to act in this role under Nazi occupation. | | Shanghai, later Chongqing | 13 April 1919 | 15 August 1948 | Korea under Japanese rule | President: | The KPG formed the Korean Liberation Army in 1940, which fought in the Asia-Pacific Theatre. After a period of American occupation, the KPG's first President (in 1919–23) Syngman Rhee became the president of the First Republic of South Korea. | Sublime State of Persia | Geneva | 1923 | Extant today | Imperial State of Iran | Shah Fereydoun Mirza Qajar | The Qajar dynasty went into exile in 1923. They continue to claim the Iranian throne. During the war, Fereydoun Qajar's cousin and heir Hamid Mirza served in the British Royal Navy aboard HMS Duke of York and HMS Wild Goose. | Spanish Republican government in exile | Paris, then Mexico City | 4 April 1939 | 1 July 1977 | | President: | Created after Francisco Franco's coup d'état, the exiled government was first based in Paris but moved to Mexico City after the fall of France. The Allies largely ignored it to avoid provoking Franco into joining the Axis. == References ==