The following list shows the university affiliations of individual winners of the Nobel Prize since 1901 and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences since 1969. The affiliations are those at the time of the Nobel Prize announcement. Universities all adopt different criteria to claim Nobel affiliates. The LA Times has found some generous and others more stringent: for instance, the University of California, Berkeley only counts current and retired faculty members, while the University of Chicago includes students and visiting professors as well. Inconsistency thus may occur between those official counts and what this list states.