Roger II received royal investiture from
Antipope Anacletus II in 1130 and recognition from
Pope Innocent II in 1139. The
Kingdom of Sicily, which by then comprised not only the island, but also the
southern third of the Italian peninsula, rapidly expanded itself to include
Malta and the
Mahdia, the latter if only briefly. ===
House of Hauteville, 1130–1198=== Constance was married to the
Emperor Henry VI and he pressed his claim to the kingdom from William II's death, but only succeeded in displacing his wife's family in 1194. There is evidence that, during the baronial revolt of 1197, there was an attempt to make Count
Jordan Lupin of Bovino king in opposition to Henry VI. He may even have been crowned and seems to have had the support of Constance, who had turned against her husband. In the end he was captured and executed. He is accepted as a pretender to the throne by modern historians
Evelyn Jamison and Thomas Curtis Van Cleve. ===
House of Hohenstaufen, 1194–1266=== Manfred was regent of Sicily for his nephew, the child Conrad II ("Conradin"), but took the crown in 1258, and continued to fight to keep the kingdom under the
Hohenstaufen. In 1254 the pope, having declared the kingdom a Papal possession, offered the crown to the
King of England's son,
Edmund Crouchback, but the English never succeeded in taking the kingdom. In 1262 the pope reversed his previous decision and granted the kingdom to the
King of France's brother,
Charles of Anjou, who succeeded in dispossessing Manfred in 1266. Conradin continued his claim to the throne until his death by decapitation perpetrated by Charles of Anjou in 1268. ====
House of Plantagenet====
Edmund Crouchback, son of King
Henry III of England, claimed the Crown of Sicily between 1254 and 1263. Both he and his father took the claim very seriously, but it was completely ineffectual. ===
Capetian House of Anjou, 1266–1282===
Peter III of Aragon, Manfred's son in law, of the
House of Barcelona,
conquered the island of Sicily from Charles I in 1282 and had himself crowned King of Sicily. Thereafter the old Kingdom of Sicily was centred on the mainland, with capital at
Naples, and although informally called
Kingdom of Naples it was still known formally as "Kingdom of Sicily". Thus, there were two "Sicilies" — the island kingdom, however, was often called "Sicily beyond the Lighthouse" or "
Trinacria", by terms of a treaty between the two states. ===
House of Barcelona, 1282–1410=== Martin II of Sicily died without an heir in 1410 and the kingdom was inherited by his nephew. ===
House of Trastámara, 1412–1516=== Joanna was confined under alleged insanity during her whole reign. ===
House of Habsburg, 1516–1700=== ===
House of Bourbon, 1700–1713, during
War of the Spanish Succession=== At the end of the
War of the Spanish Succession, by the
Treaty of Utrecht, Sicily was ceded to the
Duke of Savoy.
House of Savoy, 1713–1720 The Spanish invaded the kingdom in 1718 during the
War of the Quadruple Alliance. The Duke of Savoy ceded it to Austria in 1720 by the
Treaty of The Hague.
House of Habsburg, 1720–1735 Charles I, Duke of Parma conquered the kingdom during the
War of the Polish Succession. At the end of the war,
Sicily was ceded to him as Charles III of Sicily.
House of Bourbon 1735–1816 In 1816 the
Kingdom of Naples and the Kingdom of Sicily were merged as the new
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies 1816–1861 == Family tree ==