M13 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage

The M13 half-track was long, wide, and high with a wheelbase of . It had bogie suspension for the wheels and vertical volute springs for the tracks. It had a fuel capacity and a range of . The vehicle was powered by a six-cylinder White 160AX, , gasoline engine, with a compression ratio of 6.3:1. It had a power-to-weight ratio of and weighed . The two machine guns were fired remotely and powered by a small electrical motor near the back of the turret. The guns were aimed with a Mark 9 reflector sight. Each vehicle had a crew of five (commander, driver, gunner, and two ammunition loaders). == Development ==

, the successor to the M13.|alt=A M16 MGMC on a ridge during the Korean War. Early experiments In October 1940, development began to produce a vehicle in response to a long-standing requirement for an anti-aircraft vehicle to protect the U.S. Army's mechanized troop convoys from aerial attack. The first vehicle produced in the development of a half-track with an anti-aircraft armament was the T1, which had two M2 machine guns on a Bendix machine gun mountas used on jeepson a 4×4 truck. The T1E1 had a power-operated Bendix mount, and the T1E2 a Maxson mount. The T1E3 had an electro-dynamic Glenn L. Martin Company aircraft-type turret. Evaluation of these test vehicles led to the T1E2 design being preferred. The T1E2 became the M16 half-track by replacing the M33 with the M45 mount and the M2 half-track chassis with the M3 half-track chassis. A total of 1,103 examples of this variant were produced from 27 July 1942 to 15 May 1943. Half of them (583) were converted into M16s by White Motor Corporation before reaching the army. Deliveries began in late 1943. == Service history ==

The M13 served at the landing at Anzio with the VI Corps of the Fifth United States Army in January 1944. It was used as an anti-aircraft weapon during the initial landing and then later as a ground support weapon to repel heavy German panzer attacks on the beachhead. It was replaced three months later by the M16 multiple gun motor carriage in April 1944. Only 139 examples were deployed overseas by the U.S. Army. Ten were transferred to the United Kingdom under Lend-Lease. == Prototypes ==

• T1 – This variant used two M2 Browning heavy machine guns on a Bendix mount on a 4×4 truck. This model, like most of the others, was a prototype. • T1E1 – Another prototype that used the Bendix mount on a M2 half-track car. • T1E2 – This variant was essentially the same as the T1E1 except the Bendix mount was replaced with the M33 Maxson mount. After the M33 was replaced with the M45 Quadmount it was accepted as the M16 half-track. • T1E3 – A T1E1 with a Martin turret designed for use on bombers. == Derivatives ==

• T1E4/M13 – The Martin turret was replaced by the M33 and was based on the M3 half-track. It was accepted as the M13 half-track in July 1942. A total of 139 examples of this variant saw action at Anzio as a ground support weapon used to repel heavy German attacks. It was replaced by the M16 in April 1944. • M14 half-track – This variant had the same armament as the M13 but used the slightly different M5 half-track chassis built by International Harvester for the Lend-Lease Program. The M14 was mostly supplied to Britain, where they were converted back to regular half-tracks. A total of 1602 were produced by International Harvester. == See also ==