Maha Singh

Maha Singh was born in a Sandhawalia Jat Sikh family to Charat Singh and his wife, Desan Kaur in 1756. Some sources say he was born in the year 1760. He had three younger siblings, Saher Kaur, Raj Kaur and Sahej Singh, who died in infancy. Maha Singh was brought him up in his family's martial tradition by his parents and accompanied his father to a variety of military expeditions from an early age. Charat Singh married Maha Singh to Mai Man Kaur, daughter of Sardar Jai Singh Mann, chief of Mogalchak-Mananwala, before his death in 1770 to strengthen the Sukerchakia Misl. His own matchlock accidentally exploded and killed him. ==Leadership of the Sukerchakia Misl==

He succeeded his father as the chief of the Sukerchakia Misl. To strengthen her position she married her daughter, Raj Kaur to Sahib Singh, son of Gujjar Singh of the Bhangi Misl and the other daughter, Saher Kaur was married to Sohel Singh. She later arranged for her son Maha Singh to be married to Rajkumari Raj Kaur, daughter of Raja Gajpat Singh of Jind in 1774. By setting up these alliances she ensured the sympathies of the Phulkians and the Bhangis(who were jealous of the growing fame of her late husband); these matrimonial alliances helped her consolidate power. Desan Kaur and Maha Singh were assisted by her brothers Dal Singh of Akalgarh and Gurbaksh Singh as well as Sardar Jai Singh Kanhaiya with whom Charat Singh once exchanged turbans with - a practice done to express solidarity with each other. Soon Maha Singh captured the Rohtas Fort from Nur-ud-din Bamezai, a general of Ahmad Shah Durrani and occupied Kotli Ahangaran, near Sialkot. After this victory, he laid a four-month siege to Rasool Nagar assisted by Jai Singh Kanhaiya. While he was at battle, Raj Kaur affectionately known as Mai Malwain gave birth to their only son. The child was named Budh Singh after their ancestor who received amrit sanskar from Guru Gobind Singh himself. On his return from Rasulnagar, Maha Singh was presented with his son and to commemorate his victory the child's name was changed to Ranjit meaning "victor in battle") Singh (meaning "lion"). Mahan Singh distributed grains to every body who approached him, it was said that his good will was the reason behind the recovery of his son from smallpox. ==Military campaign==

=== Conflict with the Bhangi Misl === and Sukarchakia Misls hold a diplomatic meeting. Jassa Singh Ramgarhia (long, white beard) on left. Maha Singh with checked blanket covering chest on the right, in centre Capture of Bhangi territories Chait Singh, youngest brother of Gujar Singh, had come to help. the Chathas. Mahan Singh arrested him and imprisoned him in the fort of Gujranwala. Raj Kaur, sister of Mahan Singh and wife of Sahib Singh, came from Gujrat to Gujranwala to secure liberation of Chait Singh. Mahan Singh did not listen to her, and did not set the Bhangi sardar free. The Mahan Singh then turned towards Bhangi territories. He captured Sahiwal and imprisoned its qiladar. He seized Pindi Bhattian, Isa Khel and Musa Khel. He killed Desa Singh of Chiniot in 1782. Karam Singh Dulu held his own successfully at Jhang. In 1777, Mahan Singh entered the Sialkot district, almost the whole of which belonged to Bhangis. First of all he attacked Kotli famous for the manufacture of arms. He obtained match locks in tribute. He stayed in the district for two months. He invited all the Bhangi chiefs to meet him on a fixed day at a certain place. Twenty-two of them responded to his call. They were imprisoned. They were set free on acknowledgement of his overlordship and payment of tribute. Mahan Singh failed to capture Sialkot as it was bravely defended by Charat Singh Bajwa of Badhala village and Mansa Singh and Rupa Singh. Mahan Singh's two months siege proved fairly satisfactory. In 1788 Gujjar Singh died and was succeeded by his son, Sahib Singh who was also Maha Singh's brother-in-law. Mahan Singh demanded his tribute but Sahib Singh decided to wage war against Maha Singh. ==Matrimonial alliances==

In 1784, Sardar Ran Singh Nakai, an ambitious chief from the Nakai Misl who just like Maha Singh was considered the future of the Sikh nation, died. He was succeeded by his son, Bhagwan Singh who was unable to hold territory against another chief, Wazir Singh. Realizing they need a powerful ally to counter Wazir Singh with them, Sardarni Karmo Kaur, widow of Sardar Ran Singh sent a proposal to get her infant daughter, Raj Kaur Nakai betrothed to his four-year-old son, Ranjit Singh and Maha Singh readily agreed. This was the first alliance between Nakais and Sukherchakias. This marriage took place in 1792 and Raj Kaur Nakai was renamed Datar Kaur as many ladies in the Sukerchakia Misl bore the name "Raj Kaur", like Ranjit Singh mother and his aunt. She was affectionately called Mai Nakain by Ranjit Singh. After the death of Gurbaksh Singh Kanhaiya his widow, Sada Kaur being a farsighted woman, finding the Sukerchakia Misl in its ascendancy, proposed the marriage of her two-year-old daughter to Ranjit Singh. Jai Singh's pride was humbled but he agreed for the match and in 1786 the young children were engaged. Sada Kaur would later succeed to the leadership of the Kanhaiya Misl. With this matrimonial alliance peace was restored between the two contending Misals. This alliance proved very helpful to Ranjit Singh in his future conquests and consolidation of Punjab under his sway. and Mehtab Kaur became his first wife and mother of twins, Sher Singh and Tara Singh in 1807. ==Death and legacy==

, Gujranwala.During the Siege of Sodhra, which was being occupied by the Bhangi Misl, he contracted dysentery "There is not the least doubt about it that if he had lived ten years longer, he would have become the sole monarch of the whole of northern India from the Khyber Pass to the Ganga, and from the Himalayas to the Arabian sea, and Emperor Shah Alam II would have become his protege."Muhammad Latif states,"Mahan Singh was brave, enterprising and prudent beyond his years; and the age in which he lived highly favoured his ambitious schemes His early feats in arms had acquired for him so great a reputation that many influential independent Sardars joined his banner. His rapid successes gave him an ascendancy over all the Sikh chiefs. His military genius, undaunted courage, stern temper and rigid observance of the rules of delicacy and honour, at times, involved him in serious trouble, but he honourably acquitted himself on all such occasions." == In popular culture ==

• In the 2010 historical TV series Maharaja Ranjit Singh telecasted on DD National, the character of Maha Singh is portrayed by Gavie Chahal. • Maha Singh was portrayed by Shalin Bhanot in Life OK's historical drama Sher-e-Punjab: Maharaja Ranjit Singh == References ==