Early history Parts of Makati were once subject to the pre-Hispanic
Kingdom of Namayan, whose capital is now in the
Santa Ana district of
Manila.
Spanish colonial era installed at the old city hall building in 1991 Parts of Makati became a
visita of the then-town of Santa Ana de Sapa in 1578, during the
Spanish colonial era. In 1589, Captain Pedro de Brito, then an aide to the
Spanish Army chief of staff, purchased a land encompassing the present-day
Poblacion with a public bid of 1,400 pesos, and established his
encomienda named "Hacienda Pedro". In 1608, he and his wife Ana de Herrera donated half of land to the
Jesuits, with the condition of building a church in honor of his namesake,
Saint Peter the Apostle, and endowed 14,000 pesos for its construction. The church, later known as
San Pedro Macati Church, was completed in 1620.
Establishment and early development While under the jurisdiction of the
Franciscan friars during the 17th century, it was established as a town on June 1, 1670, under the name
San Pedro de Macati out of Santa Ana de Sapa. The nearby
Nuestra Señora de Gracia Church, changed into the "Our Lady of Guadalupe" church, welcomed an image of the
Virgin Mary and devotees from
Mexico, and one person from a family in Makati, the Montes De Oca family, who according to Rafael Bernal says had come from Mexico themselves, this family had produced
Isidoro Montes de Oca, who became pivotal in the
Mexican War of Independence against Spain. This parish had a large spiritual jurisdiction in the
province of Tondo (later known as Manila), extending up to
Muntinlupa. In 1851, Don José Bonifacio Róxas, an ancestor of the
Zóbel de Ayala family, purchased the estate from the Jesuits for 52,800 pesos and named it "
Hacienda San Pedro de Macati". Since then, the development of Makati has remained linked with the family and their publicly-listed company,
Ayala Corporation. In 1890, San Pedro de Macati was proclaimed as a public town of
Manila province. During this period, aside from the
poblacion, the town had four outer barrios: Guadalupe, Olympia, Tejeros, and Culi-Culi.
American occupation and
Idaho troops at the San Pedro de Macati Cemetery (present-day Plaza Cristo Rey) during the
1899 Battle of Manila In 1901, San Pedro Macati was incorporated into the newly established province of
Rizal. On February 28, 1914, the name of the town was shortened to its present name of
Makati, under Philippine Legislature Act No. 2390. Fort McKinley, Malapadnabato, and Masilang were previously parts of
Pateros.
Japanese occupation , showing Makati's territory aligned with its boundaries since 2023. On January 1, 1942, Makati was one of the municipalities of Rizal merged alongside Manila and Quezon City to form the
City of Greater Manila as an emergency measure by President
Manuel L. Quezon. It regained its pre-war status as a municipality of Rizal when the City of Greater Manila was dissolved by President
Sergio Osmeña effective August 1, 1945.
Post-war Era After the destruction that the
Second World War brought upon Manila, and the subsequent closure of
Nielson Field, the town grew rapidly, and real estate values boomed. The first of the planned communities (in what are now the barangays
Forbes Park, Urdaneta, San Lorenzo, and
Bel-Air established during those times) were established in the 1950s with the efforts of its landowner,
Ayala y Compañía. At the same time, Fort McKinley, then renamed
Fort Bonifacio, and the then
Philippine Army headquarters, became the starting point for the building up of seven more communities by military families who worked in the base area. New office buildings were built on what is now the
Makati Central Business District (CBD). Since the late 1960s, Makati has transformed into the financial and commercial capital of the country. During this period, several barrios were converted into new independent barangays, while additional barangays were established by subdividing existing villages. In December 1972, two barrios (later barangay) of Makati were established at the Inner Fort Bonifacio area:
Post Proper Northside and
Post Proper Southside. On November 7, 1975, Makati was separated from Rizal province to become part of the
National Capital Region as a component municipality.
Martial Law and Corazon Aquino eras The beginning months of the 1970s marked a period of turmoil and change in the Philippines, particularly for the areas near the capital. A sudden glut of debt driven public works projects in the late 1960s led the Philippine economy to a sudden downward turn known as the
1969 Philippine balance of payments crisis, which in turn led to a period of economic difficulty and social unrest. With only a year left in his last constitutionally allowed term as president
Ferdinand Marcos placed the Philippines under
Martial Law in September 1972 and thus retained the position for fourteen more years. This period in Philippine history is remembered for the Marcos administration's record of
human rights abuses, particularly targeting political opponents, student activists, journalists, religious workers, farmers, and others who fought against the Marcos dictatorship. Makati was the setting of what is believed to be the single biggest case of involuntary disappearance during
martial law – the case of the "
Southern Tagalog 10" – ten activists from the nearby
Southern Tagalog region, mostly in their twenties, who were abducted in late July 1977 at the
Makati Medical Center. Following the
assassination of opposition senator
Benigno Aquino Jr. on August 21, 1983, Makati became a nexus for protests against the dictatorship of
President Ferdinand Marcos. Known as the
Confetti Revolution, the demonstrations held in the central business district were led partly by employees of major corporations based in the area, culminating in the 1986
People Power Revolution that toppled Marcos'
20-year authoritarian regime. His political rival and successor,
Corazon Aquino–the wife of the deceased senator Aquino–became the eleventh and first female president of the Philippines. After Mayor
Nemesio Yabut succumbed to an illness on February 25, 1986, coinciding with the last day of the People Power Revolution, Aquino appointed
Jejomar Binay as acting mayor of Makati two days later; he was subsequently
elected as mayor in 1988. In January 1986, by virtue of Presidential Proclamation No. 2475, s. 1986, the
Fort Bonifacio Military Reservation, including the
Embo barangays of Cembo, South Cembo, West Rembo, East Rembo, Comembo, Pembo and Pitogo were declared as part of Makati. The proclamation was contested by
Taguig because it altered the municipality's boundaries unconstitutionally, which resulted in a three-decade long
territorial dispute. During the
1989 Philippine coup attempt, the Makati central business district was occupied by
Reform the Armed Forces Movement forces seeking to overthrow President
Corazon Aquino. The resulting standoff lasted from December 2 to 9 and contributed to massive financial losses incurred due to the paralysis in the economic hub.
Late 20th and early 21st centuries (1986–present) On January 2, 1995, President
Fidel V. Ramos signed Republic Act No. 7854, making Makati the seventh city in Metro Manila. The law was approved by a plebiscite one month later, on February 2, 1995, by majority of voters. On May 17, 2000, at 5:02 p.m.
PHT,
Glorietta in
Ayala Center was bombed, injuring 13 people. According to local authorities, the homemade bomb originated from the restroom of a restaurant and affected an adjacent video arcade. The bombing was believed to be the precursor of the May 21, 2000
SM Megamall bombing and the
Rizal Day bombings. Another explosion occurred in the shopping mall complex on October 19, 2007, when a portion of
Glorietta 2 exploded, killing 11 people and injuring more than a hundred. Initially, authorities said that it was caused by a
liquefied petroleum gas explosion at a restaurant, but later began investigating the possibility that the explosion may have been a
C-4 bomb. and
2007 On July 2003, about 300 defectors of the
Armed Forces of the Philippines and the
Philippine National Police, known as the
Magdalo Group, led by Army Capt. Gerardo Gambala and Navy Lt. Senior Grade
Antonio Trillanes IV seized and occupied Oakwood Premier in Glorietta for 20 hours in what became known as the
Oakwood mutiny. It is the first mutiny led by Trillanes against the Arroyo administration. The group attempted another unsuccessful rebellion in 2007 which became known as the
Manila Peninsula siege. On January 2011, a bus in Makati was bombed by
Abu Sayyaf, killing five. In 2018, the
Philippine Stock Exchange left its trading floor in Makati and moved to its new headquarters at the
Philippine Stock Exchange Tower in
Taguig. In 2014, former Vice President
Jejomar Binay and his son, former Makati Mayor
Junjun Binay were involved in a graft case over the construction of the
Makati Science High School Building in Cembo. The building was indicated to have cost (22.5 million) or per square meter, when it should have only been worth (9.2 million) or per square meter. In December 2024, however, the
Sandiganbayan granted the
demurrer and
acquitted all the accused, including the Binays, in the case. declared as part of Taguig. In April 2022, Makati lost in the three decades-long
territorial dispute with Taguig, which was ruled with finality a year later in April 2023. The city was ordered to refrain from exercising jurisdiction over the ten
Embo barangays, which were reintegrated to
Taguig. Makati lost an estimated 300,000 people from its population following the loss of the Embo barangays.
Taguig reopened the facilities after their takeover and the court granted Taguig's prayer for preliminary injunction, which effectively retains Taguig's possession of the facilities for the continued public services for the Embo barangays. In the
2023 barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan elections, the
Commission on Elections excluded the voters of Embo barangays from Makati, wherein they voted under Taguig instead. Meanwhile, the
2025 local elections is the first time that
Makati's 2nd District voters is only composed of three barangays:
Guadalupe Nuevo, Guadalupe Viejo, and Pinagkaisahan. ==Geography==