Classification by manufacturing process is roughly classified into three techniques of , and as a process classification. In Japan, these three techniques and , which is a combination of and , are widely used. These processes are started after the normal lacquerware process is finished. In other words, it is necessary to make a thick foundation layer of lacquer in advance by repeating a series of works such as coating the wood or paper with lacquer using a spatula or brush, drying it and polishing it. ; At the first stage, a preliminary sketch process called is performed. After the original picture is drawn on the paper, thin is overlapped and copied along the outline from above, and then lacquer is applied to the outline drawn on the with a thin brush, and is pressed to the surface of the lacquerware to transfer. If the picture or pattern is simple, this process may be omitted. The next step, called , is the preparation process before metal powder is sprinkled. Lacquer is applied to the place where metal powder is to be sprinkled and it is used as an adhesive. Then, in a process called metal powder is sprinkled using a bird's feather shaft or a bamboo tube. In the next process, lacquer is applied on top of metal powder to protect the metal powder, and then the lacquer is dried. The first polishing is performed in the next process. The lacquer is slightly polished to expose only the surface of the metal powder with the metal powder embedded in the lacquer. In the subsequent polishing process, the entire lacquerware is polished with abrasives of different particle sizes. In addition, in the middle of each polishing process, a process called is inserted, in which a series of processes of rubbing lacquer onto lacquerware and drying it are repeated. Glossy is completed through these complicated processes. Since the entire surface including the pattern is coated with lacquer and then polished, the surface of the pattern and the background becomes smooth and metal powder is harder to fall off than . It was a technique developed and completed in the Heian period, and this technique was the mainstream of until the late Heian period when the refining technique of gold and silver powder was undeveloped and the particles were rough. Because a sword scabbard in the
Nara period kept at
Shōsōin uses a technique called similar to this technique, it is sometimes said that Japanese began during the Nara period.
Classification by size and shape of metal powder The particles of the metal powder are roughly classified into three types of , or and or in order of decreasing size. Fine particles are easy to work with, but the adhesion of the particles is weak, and the color becomes whitish with little gloss and looks dull. Large particles are difficult to work with but have high durability, and have a strong luster and a flashy appearance due to irregular reflection of particles. == Gallery ==