Upon achieving independence in 1964, Malawi, which had previously been the British
protectorate of
Nyasaland, inherited a network of three railways. They were the
Shire Highlands Railway from
Salima, on
Lake Malawi, via
Blantyre to Port Herald (now
Nsanje) on the
Shire River; the Central African Railway from Port Herald to Vila Fontes (now
Caia), in
Portuguese Mozambique; and the Trans-Zambezia Railway, from Vila Fontes to
Beira, also in Portuguese Mozambique. The network was run as a single, integrated Malawian system, even though the Trans-Zambezia Railway was located entirely on foreign territory. All of these lines were narrow gauge and single track, and the Shire Highlands Railway in particular had sharp curves and steep gradients, so the system was inadequate for heavy train loads. Maintenance costs were high and freight volumes were low, so freight rates were up to three times those of Rhodesian and East African lines. Although costly and inefficient, the rail link to Beira remained a main
bulk transport link until 1979 when it was destroyed by
RENAMO forces in the civil war. By then, Malawi had its second rail link to the Mozambique port of
Nacala, which is its principal route for imports and exports today. From 1974 to 1979, Malawi worked with the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) sponsored to build of new track from Salima to Lilongwe though the Malawi-Canada Railway Project. == Present day overview ==