France had begun settling on the coast of modern
Senegal in the 17th century, gradually extending their rule further inland during the mid-1800s onward. The areas east of the Falémé river (i.e. roughly modern Mali,
Burkina Faso and
Niger) were originally under Senegalese administration as
Upper Senegal, but were split off as
French Sudan in 1893. Eventually, in 1960, both Senegal and
Mali were granted full independence, originally as the short-lived
Mali Federation. ==Settlements near the border==