, Mechelen (Malines), commemorating Cardinal Mercier and the Malines Conversations The impetus for the conversations emerged largely out of the friendship between the
high church Anglican,
Charles Wood, 2nd Viscount Halifax, and the French Roman Catholic priest . Although the
ultramontane attitudes of the
Roman Catholic hierarchy in Great Britain made direct talks between British Anglicans and British Roman Catholics infeasible, the
Lambeth Appeal of 1920 opened doors to Roman Catholics on the continent. Cardinal
Désiré Joseph Mercier, Archbishop of Malines, agreed to host the private ecumenical discussions desired by Lord Halifax and Abbé Portal. The conversations were held in the Belgian
primatial see of
Malines (being the French name for the city of
Mechelen) from 1921 to 1927 with tacit support from the
Vatican and the
archbishops of
Canterbury and
York,
Randall Davidson and
Cosmo Gordon Lang respectively. The number of participants varied but included on the Anglican side
Lord Halifax, bishops
Walter Frere and
Charles Gore, and
Armitage Robinson (Dean of Wells). The Roman Catholic participants included Mercier himself,
Pierre Batiffol, Hippolyte Hemmer, Portal and Mercier's successor,
Jozef-Ernest van Roey, who wound up the conversations in 1927. A consensus emerged during the five conversations, of which only the first four proved substantial, that the Anglican Church should be "reunited" with—not simply "subsumed" by—the Roman Church. Dom
Lambert Beauduin's 1925 paper "''L'église anglicane unie, mais non absorbée''" was particularly remarked. Van Roey was personally less favourable to the idea of unity than his predecessor, and
Cardinal Bourne,
Archbishop of Westminster, successfully urged the Vatican to withdraw its encouragement, in line with
Leo XIII's bull
Apostolicae curae (1896), which had denied validity to Anglican orders. Although the conversations provoked controversy in both churches and failed to produce concrete results, they did pave the way toward future ecumenical discussions between Roman Catholics and Anglicans. == Bibliography ==