Manuel Ferreira (writer)

He took commerce and pharmaceutical courses at the lyceums. He graduated with a degree in social sciences from the Technical University of Lisbon. During his military service, he was mobilized on an expeditionary journey to Cape Verde. In 1941, he was stationed there for six years until 1947. In the city of Mindelo on the island of São Vicente, he lived with Cape Verdean intellectual groups who worked in the literary reviews Claridade and Certeza. He married the Cape Verdean writer Orlanda Amarílis and raised two children, Sérgio Manuel Napoleão Ferreira, who was born in Cape Verde, and Hernâni Donaldo Napoleão Ferreira, who was born in Goa. After being stationed in Cape Verde, he visited Goa, which was in Portuguese India and Angola. He also visited other African countries. Ferreira became a profound student of the Portuguese expression culture of its former colonies and was considered, within international circles, one of the foremost authorities on its material. His essay work and fiction, in which he denounced colonial repression by the Fascist regime, profoundly marked his experiences in the former Portuguese colonies where the author lived. His African literary essays in Portuguese, along with his anthologies of African poetry, were considered essential for the studies of writers and creation. Whether for keeping his literary work, or for differences in African literature in the Portuguese language, he was considered as the African writer of Portuguese expression, which refers to a great universality of the language by Camões. Ferreira published a fictional short story titled Grei in 1944; later he published a novel in 1950, works which form a single Neorealist sense that makes the most important movement in contemporary Portuguese literature. It had his works that had African inspiration who assumed the identical profile. Other than his Romanesque and essay works, a part of his work was translated into other languages including English, Ferreira was the same author of children's books. He was a teacher and scholar in African literature, he published numerous works and founded and headed a review named (; ALAC) and ALAC editions. Since the restoration of democracy in Portugal, it was created at the Faculty of Letters of the University of Lisbon, a chair of African Literature in the Portuguese language. He contributed several Portuguese and foreign periodical publications and with Vértice and Seara Nova, organized, mainly as anthologies in (three volumes; 1975, 1976 and 1996) and 50 African Poets: Selective Anthologies () in 1989. He was awarded the Fernão Mendes Pinto Prize in 1958 for , Ricardo Malheiros Award in 1962 for and the Cultural Press Award (Prémio da Impresa Cultural) for (A Creole Adventure) in 1967. In 1988, he was interested in an essay named , the African emeritus which "was five" [African nations] that took part "in the principle of its language and a cultural fact", transformed Portuguese into an "orality plan and a writer plan". "For himself, the future would be like this" A language that is none for all, without a master. And if there is one language, the Portuguese language, there exist different variants: the variant from Guinea-Bissau, the variants from Cape Verde, São Tomé and Príncipe, the variants from Angola, Mozambique Brazil, Galicia, East Timor and the variant from Portugal. Guinea-Bissau, Angola, Mozambique and East Timor have different languages, Cape Verde and São Tomé and Príncipe have Creole languages, and parts of Brazil speak different languages, Galician is a separate language, the language resembles Portuguese. In the last years of his life, he was a retired professor at the Faculty of Letters at the University of Lisbon, ==Works==