Mao was born in China on 4 October 1948 in
Fenghua,
Zhejiang. His parents were Bin-Shi and Pau-Jen Mao. Mao graduated from
National Cheng Kung University with his
Bachelor of Science (B.S.) degree in
civil engineering in 1971 and received a scholarship to pursue graduate studies in
Bangkok at the
Asian Institute of Technology, where he earned a
Master of Engineering (M.E.) in
regional development in 1975. He then completed doctoral studies in the United States, earning his
Ph.D. in civil engineering and
environmental engineering from the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1982. As a doctoral student at MIT, Mao was a member of the
Tech Model Railroad Club and studied as a fellow of the
Association of American Railroads and
Renfe. His dissertation, completed under civil engineering professor Marvin L. Mainheim, was titled, "Integrating Technological and Organizational Perspectives: An Approach to Improve Rail Motive Power Management". == Academic career ==