Marc Boegner was the nephew and disciple of the Lutheran pastor
Tommy Fallot, who founded
Christian socialism in France. Born in
Épinal,
Vosges in 1881, Boegner was educated in
Orléans, and later Paris, where he studied law. Poor eyesight was an obstacle to his pursuit of a career within the navy but after a spiritual conversion experience he entered the Faculty for Theology in Paris and in 1905 was ordained a pastor of the Reformed Church of France. After having been a Protestant
pastor in a rural parish in Aouste-sur-Sye in
Drôme, in 1911 he became professor of theology at the House of the Missions of Paris, and in 1918 went on to the Parish of Poissy-Annonciation where he remained until 1952. In 1928, he inaugurated the sermons of Protestant Lent on the radio, which contributed to his notoriety. There he preached on the
unity of Christians. In 1929, he became the first president of the
Protestant Federation of France (
Fédération protestante de France), a position he held until 1961. In 1938 he became the first president of the national council of the
Reformed Church of France (''l'Église réformée de France
), a post he held until 1950. He was on two occasions the professor at the Academy of International Law at The Hague. Between 1938 and 1948 he was president of the administrative committee of the provisional World Council of Churches in formation. After the council had been formed he became one of its co-presidents, a post he held until 1954. In 1955 Marc Boegner presented a television show called Présence protestante''. Boegner actively worked, during the occupation, in an open way as well as clandestinely, to try to improve the lot of the Jews, and even defended and saved a number of them. His compassion extended also to many political refugees. He intervened with Pierre Laval, in vain, to ask him to give up including Jewish children younger than 16 years in the deportation convoys. In 1943, he condemned the forced sending of workers to
Germany under the
STO. Against violence and the armed struggle, he let his faith and conscience choose against joining the
Maquis in an early stage. His action to help the Jews during the war made him be awarded the
Righteous among the Nations in
Yad Vashem in 1988. Having met six times, in the middle of his resistance work, Marshal
Philippe Pétain, he was decorated with the
Order of the Francisque and was named a member of the National Council of
Vichy. He remained, at the time of his questioning in the Allied lawsuit against the old leader, on 30 July 1945, to testify for the good intentions and the goodwill expressed by Pétain in the difficult circumstances of France - a lenient idea of Pétain's actions, today contradicted by authors and some historians. After the war, he continued his fight for unity while taking part in the
ecumenical movement (
mouvement œcuménique). He was also a Protestant observer during the
Second Vatican Council (1962–1965) during which he staged a public dialogue with
Cardinal Bea in Geneva. He also met
Pope Paul VI. The ecumenical movement is the subject of his last book published in 1968 (
The Long Road to Unity, Eng. trans. 1970). Boegner died in Paris. ==Works==