Louise Eugénie Anna Marie-Magdeleine, who went by Anna, was born on 25 August 1902, in
Ducos on the island of
Martinique to Inès (called Aya) and Eugène Marie-Magdeleine. At the time, the island was a
French colony and her father was born within the first decade after slavery was abolished. His family surname had been Constantin and throughout his life he and his wife were referred to as Mssr. and Mme. Constantin colloquially, though officially, after his marriage, his surname was Marie-Magdeleine. After finishing her primary schooling in her home village, Marie-Magdeleine attended school in
Fort-de-France on scholarship, earning her secondary school diplomas at the age of seventeen. In 1923, Marie-Magdeleine left for
Paris to continue her education. Primarily, she studied for the next four years at the
University of Paris to earn her teaching credentials for vocational education (), which included courses in
domestic science,
dressmaking and
handicrafts, but she also took courses in art at the
School of Fine Arts, journalism, and law. Completing her studies in 1928, she returned to Martinique and taught in the Fort-de-France Girls' Secondary School () until 1935. Soon after her return to Martinique, Marie-Magdeleine began a twenty-five year relationship with a divorcée, variously reported as Olympe Claude or Claude Tricot. The women adopted the surname Carbet and openly lived together as a lesbian couple and family with Claude's son, Peter. The pseudonym
Carbet, was taken from the name of the
Le Carbet district of Martinique and was a tangible representation of their identification with their homeland. Claude was a fellow teacher, and the two co-wrote poems, stories, and songs under their shared surname. The adoption of the pseudonym allowed Carbet to write about issues usually forbidden to women and discuss issues, such as marginalization, race and sexuality. In 1935, Carbet returned to France to teach. While there, she participated in a variety of cultural activities: publishing articles, critiques and essays, in such journals as
Droit et Liberté, associated with
MRAP; broadcasting a performance over
Radio France from the
Eiffel Tower; participating in clubs; and establishing the first black Caribbean theatre in Paris in 1937 with Claude. In 1938, they staged a play,
Dans sa case which they co-wrote, at the Salle Jean Goujon, which was one of the first productions solely created and produced by blacks in Paris. Ironically, though
Paulette Nardal was Carbet's sister-in-law, there is no evidence that Carbet participated in the
Négritude movement associated with Nardal in the 1930s. In 1939, she was chosen by
Georges Mandel of the French Overseas ministry to collect folklore in Martinique. Soon after she left France, the
Germans invaded, the country surrendered, and
Philippe Pétain was appointed Prime Minister of France. Mandel's vocal opposition of the
Nazi regime resulted in his arrest and because Carbet had been appointed by Mandel, she was barred from returning to France and her folklore mission was cancelled. She returned to the Girls' Secondary School to teach, but was removed from that post in 1940 by government representatives. In 1941, Carbet opened a private school, teaching English and dressmaking and providing tutoring, on Lamartine Street in Fort-de-France. After four years, she closed the school and with Claude, opened a book store, Cité du Livre, on Schoelcher Street, which they operated until 1957, when their relationship dissolved. In 1957, Carbet returned alone to France, and began her most productive literary period over the next decade. Between 1957 and 1970, she served on the editorial board and national council of the Movement against Racism and for Friendship among People () and produced newspaper articles and six volumes of poetry. She continued with radio broadcasting, as well as speaking at lectures and conferences, to promote the culture of the
French Antilles. After 1970, Carbet switched her literary activity toward Canada, publishing with Leméac in
Montreal and participating with the Association of Catholic Writers through 1984. In 1988, Carbet returned to Fort-de-France and lived with her sister Mathilde. ==Death and legacy==