Mo Mowlam

Marjorie Mowlam was born on 18 September 1949 in Watford, Hertfordshire, England, the middle of three children of Frank William Mowlam, a Post Office worker, and Bettina Mary "Tina" Mowlam (), a telephonist. She grew up in Coventry, where her father progressed to become Coventry's assistant postmaster. Mowlam was the only one of the family's three children to pass the 11-plus exam. She started at Chiswick Girls' grammar school in West London, then moved to Coundon Court School in Coventry, became a supporter of the Labour Party, attended protests against the South African apartheid system and was an activist with the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND). Mowlam worked as a lecturer in the Political Science Department at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee in 1977 and at Florida State University in Tallahassee from 1977 to 1979. During her time in Tallahassee, her apartment was broken into by someone; she suspected that it was Ted Bundy, a serial killer and rapist who is thought to have murdered at least thirty-five young women and attacked several others. , with plaque Mowlam returned to England in 1979 to take up an appointment at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne. She also worked in adult education at Northern College, Barnsley, with students who had fewer opportunities than traditional university students. In 1981, she organised a series of alternative lectures to the Reith lectures being given that year by Laurence Martin, the university's vice chancellor. These were published as Debate on Disarmament, with their proceeds going to the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. == Personal life ==

Mowlam married Jonathan Norton, a Labour-supporting Norton died on 3 February 2009. Mowlam had two step-children from Norton's first marriage to Geraldine Bedell. ==Member of Parliament==

Having failed to win selection for the 1983 general election, Mowlam worked as treasurer on Neil Kinnock's Labour leadership campaign. Mowlam was selected as Labour candidate for the safe seat of Redcar after James Tinn stood down. She took the seat in the 1987 general election, making her maiden speech in Parliament on 7 July 1987. Mowlam became the Labour spokesperson on Northern Ireland later in 1987. Together with Shadow Chancellor John Smith, Mowlam was one of the architects of Labour's "Prawn Cocktail Offensive" dedicated to reassuring the UK's financial sector about Labour's financial rectitude. Mowlam joined the Shadow cabinet when John Smith was elected leader of the Labour Party in 1992, holding the title of Shadow Secretary of State for National Heritage. During this time, she antagonised both monarchists and republicans by calling for Buckingham Palace to be demolished and replaced by a "modern" palace built at public expense. Later, her willingness to speak her mind, often without regard to the consequences, was seen as her greatest strength by her supporters. Following Smith's death in 1994, Mowlam, alongside Peter Kilfoyle, became a principal organiser of Tony Blair's campaign for the Labour leadership. After his victory, Blair appointed her as Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland. With the Labour Party general election win in May 1997, she was appointed Secretary of State for Northern Ireland. She was the first woman to have held the post and succeeded Patrick Mayhew of the Conservative Party. A reflection of Mowlam's personal approach was the organisation of a walk about in Belfast city centre. She said that "it's the real life of people that needs changing." Good Friday Agreement Mowlam "oversaw the negotiations which led to the 1998 Good Friday Agreement" with her "approachability," "informal touch" and "personal interventions" helping to make the agreement possible. On 6 August 1997, she met with the Sinn Féin (SF) leader Gerry Adams to have "their first face to face discussions since the breakdown of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) ceasefire in February 1996. She was successful in helping to restore the second IRA ceasefire, which eventually led to Sinn Féin being included in the multi-party peace talks. The talks led to the Good Friday/Belfast Agreement on Friday 9 January 1998 she visited the Ulster Defence Association (UDA) and Ulster Freedom Fighters (UFF) prisoners represented politically by Gary McMichael. The visit was unprecedented for a Secretary of State for Northern Ireland. "The Maze was a focal point of a troubled peace process today as Mo Mowlam arrived for a visit that had been variously described as mad or brave." The same day she also visited the Irish Republican Army (IRA) and Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) H-block wings of the prison. The visit was unprecedented and a political gamble, and was potentially dangerous when she met with prisoners, some of whom had been convicted of murder, face-to-face. Mowlam went on to oversee the Good Friday Agreement signing in 1998, However, an increasingly difficult relationship with Unionist parties meant her role in the talks was ultimately taken over by Tony Blair and his staff, prompting Mowlam to remark to then-US President Bill Clinton: "Didn't you know? I'm the new tea lady around here". In 1999, Mowlam referred to paramilitary punishment attacks in Northern Ireland as "internal housekeeping" and maintained that the violence did not count as breaking the ceasefire. Cabinet Office Minister Whilst Mowlam's deteriorating relationship with Unionists was the key reason Mowlam was replaced by Peter Mandelson as Northern Ireland Secretary in October 1999, her move to the relatively lowly position of Cabinet Office Minister may have involved other factors, notably her popularity with the public. Mowlam resented being appointed to the Cabinet Office post, As Cabinet Office Minister, she was reportedly intended to be Tony Blair's "enforcer". As head of the Government's anti-drugs campaign, in 2002, Mowlam called for international legalisation of drugs. She caused some controversy when she admitted in 2000 to having used cannabis as a student: "I tried dope. I didn't particularly like it. But unlike President Clinton, I did inhale". Retirement On 4 September 2000, Mowlam announced her intention to retire from Parliament and relinquished her seat in Redcar at the 2001 general election. Following retirement from the House of Commons, she became a critic of government policy on various issues, especially the 2003 invasion of Iraq. She took part in the anti-Iraq War protests alongside Vanessa Redgrave, Tony Benn, Tariq Ali, Ken Livingstone and Bianca Jagger. Following her retirement, Mowlam became agony aunt for the men's magazine Zoo. She said she missed her constituency work as an MP. She also set up a charity, MoMo Helps, to help drug users who are successfully completing their rehabilitation and provide support for the parents or carers of disabled children. A biography of Mowlam by journalist and writer Julia Langdon, titled Mo Mowlam: The Biography, was published in 2000. Her political memoirs, titled Momentum: The Struggle for Peace, Politics and the People, were published in 2002. She was the subject of This Is Your Life in January 2003 when she was surprised by Michael Aspel. ==Illness and death==

Five months before the 1997 general election which took Labour to office, Mowlam was diagnosed with a brain tumour, which she tried to keep private until the tabloid press started to print jibes about her appearance. Although she claimed to have made a full recovery, the various treatments caused her to lose most of her hair. She often wore a wig, which she would sometimes casually remove in public stating that it was "such a bother". On 3 August 2005, the BBC reported that she was critically ill at King's College Hospital in London. Her living will, in which she had asked not to be resuscitated, was honoured. She was survived by her husband Jon Norton and two stepchildren. In January 2010, it was revealed by her ex-doctor Mark Glaser that her tumour had been malignant and was the cause of her death. Despite recommendations, she had withheld the true nature of her condition from Tony Blair and the electorate. Mowlam was an atheist and was cremated in Sittingbourne on 1 September 2005 at a non-religious service conducted by Richard Coles, formerly of the 1980s band The Communards. Half of her ashes were scattered at Hillsborough Castle (the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland's official residence) and the other half in her former parliamentary constituency of Redcar. == Memorials and tributes==

A memorial service was held for Mowlam at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, on 20 November 2005, another at Hillsborough Castle on 1 December 2005 and another in Redcar on 3 December 2005. To honour Mowlam, Redcar and Cleveland Unitary Authority commissioned an official memorial mosaic which was unveiled at Redcar's newly refurbished boating lake on 23 October 2009. An intricate 800-tile mosaic, set in a three-metre raised circle, was created by local artist John Todd to illustrate her life and interests. The mosaic has her portrait as the centrepiece, surrounded by images including the beach where she loved to walk, racehorses at Redcar Racecourse (where she celebrated her wedding), the Redcar steelworks, the Zetland Lifeboat, clasped hands and doves (to symbolise the Northern Ireland peace process) and the Houses of Parliament. Mowlam's archive of personal papers, which was donated in 2006, is held by Teesside Archives. The postgraduate common room of Trevelyan College, Durham (Mowlam's alma mater) was renamed "The Mowlam Room" in her honour. The room houses a small bust of Mowlam. A children's play park named after Mowlam is on the Stormont Estate in Belfast. A blue plaque commemorating Mowlam, commissioned by the Coventry Society, was unveiled at Coundon Court School in Coventry, in September 2025. ==Docudrama==

In 2009, Channel 4 commissioned a docudramatic film, Mo, portraying Mo Mowlam's life from the Labour election victory of 1997 to her death in 2005. The film starred Julie Walters as Mowlam. Mo was broadcast on 31 January 2010 and attracted over 3.5million viewers, making it Channel 4's highest-rated drama since 2001. The film was also a critical success, with MP Adam Ingram claiming that it "brought home the essence of Mo". Mo was nominated for a BAFTA award for Best Single Drama with Julie Walters and Gary Lewis receiving nominations for, respectively, Best Actress and Best Supporting Actor. The Best Actress award was given to Walters. ==References==