He was born at
Kirk Michael vicarage in the
Isle of Man, the son of Rev. James Wilks and Elisabeth Christian, and came from a lineage of Manx
landed gentry. He was named after his godfather, Bishop
Mark Hiddesley. Hi father was a contemporary of
Bishop Wilson He purchased cadetship through
Sir Henry Fletcher, in the court of the Directors of the East India Company in 1781 at the age of 18, joining the
Madras Army. He was commissioned an officer in 1782 and like others, he was trained at Fort St. George, he picked up Persian. He translated the Persian poet
Nasir-ud-din's work
Aklak-i-Naseri into English. Wilks served as a secretary to the Military Board in 1787, accompanying Sir
Barry Close on a diplomatic mission to Mysore. His early education included Greek and Latin classics which and he would later in life promote its study by his nephew
Mark Cubbon. He served as the Town Major at
Fort Saint George around 1788, the capital of Madras Presidency. After a furlough in England Wilks became a private secretary to
Lord Edward Clive. Wilks served alongside
General James Stuart during the storming of
Srirangapatna resulting in the death of
Tipu Sultan in May 1799, receiving the approbation of
Arthur Wellesley. Wilks was then sent to
Basra, from where he returned to India in 1803 to be appointed
Resident at
Mysore. He wrote several historical works including,
Report on the Internal Administration of Mysore. This was a continuation of a report on the survey of the
Kingdom of Mysore undertaken by Lieut. Col.
Colin Mackenzie. He also wrote the book
Historical Sketches of the South of India in an attempt to trace the History of Mysoor. This also relates to the works of Lieut. Col. Colin Mackenzie. Mark Wilks was the uncle of
Mark Cubbon who was the Commissioner of Mysore and after whom the Cubbon Park in Bangalore is named. After his return from India, Mark Wilks, with the active help and co-operation of
James Kirkpatrick, the
East India Company (EIC) Resident at
Hyderabad, wrote one of the first histories of medieval South India:
Historical Sketches of the South of India. This volume examined the rise of the Mysore
Wodeyar dynasty in the confusion following the fall of
Vijayanagara in 1565. Wilks denounced the reign of Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan in his historical enquiries and sought to find the causes for the decline of the Vijaynagar Empire. In 1813 he was appointed Governor for three years of
Saint Helena where the exiled former French Emperor
Napoleon is said to have found Wilks a highly engaging and affable man. Saint Helena was chiefly a center for slave trade and as Governor he did not outlaw it. He engaged the services of Samuel Ally, a freed slave, who returned with Wilks to the Isle of Man and took employ as his servant. Wilks invited
William Roxburgh to study the possibility of cultivating cinchona. After the British government took temporary control of St Helena from the EIC during Napoleon's time on St Helena, Wilks return to England in 1816 and was elected to the Manx parliament, the
House of Keys. In 1826, after the death of his father-in-law, he became
Speaker of the house. A portrait of Mark Wilks still hangs in the
Tynwald building in Douglas. In February 1826, as Colonel Mark Wilks, he was elected a
Fellow of the Royal Society. He married twice. In 1813 he married his second wife, Dorothy Taubman, daughter of his predecessor as Speaker. He had a son John Barry (named after Barry Close) who died young and a daughter, Laura, who married Gen. Sir John Buchan KCB of
Kelloe House, Berwickshire, where Wilks died on a visit in 1839.
Sir Mark Wilks Collet, 1st Baronet was his great-great nephew. Their papers are held together at the Manx National Heritage Library and Archives. ==References==